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M-Mode echocardiographic examinations in show-jumping and Arabian race horses

100%

Meral Y., Cakiroglu D., Sancak A. A., Karabacak A.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2007

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tom 63

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nr 01

56-58

In this study, show-jumping horses (n = 80) and Arabian race horses (n = 80) from different work groups were examined, with the guidance of 2-D, by M-Mode echocardiography, to establish the reference values and to determine the differences in the cardiac structural measurements. Measurements were performed in four different planes by obtaining M-Mode cross-sections from M. papillaris, C. tendinei, mitral valves and aorta root levels, with the guidance of 2-D in the 4th intercostal space. Left ventricle, right ventricle, left atrium, aorta root, interventriculer septum, left ventricle posterior wall and heart wall movements were observed and end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters with left ventricle function evaluations were performed. Subsequently, all of these values were compared between the two groups. The results indicated statistical significance of P < 0.001 in end-diastolic volume (EDV) and ejection fraction (EF), and P < 0.005 in diastolic left ventricle internal diameter (LVIDd), diastolic interventricular septum thickness (IVSd), diastolic right ventricle internal diameter (RVd), diastolic aorta internal diameter (Aod), fractional shortening (FS) and cardiac output (CO). It has been concluded that Arabian race horses are more advantageous with their powerful left ventricle functions, while show-jumping horses have the benefit of possessing wider left ventricles, indicating the probability that exercise improves the left ventricle functions in horses.

2

An unusual crossed course of separately originating left circumflex and left anterior descending arteries with concomitant anomalies found in multi-slice computed tomography

100%

Czekajska-Chehab E., Staskiewicz G. J., Mazur-Stazka E., Drop A., Maciejewski R.

Folia Morphologica

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2005

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tom 64

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nr 4

334-337

Coronary artery anomalies occur in approximately in 1–2% of the population. The split origin of branches of the left coronary artery is a relatively common anomaly, usually with no significant observable impairment of cardiac function. The application of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) for cardiac imaging is increasing and becoming, along with other techniques, a recognised method of examination of the coronary arteries. In the case presented we observed in an ECG-gated MSCT the anomalous origin and proximal course of the arteries of the left sinus of Valsalva. The ostiae of both coronary arteries were located unusually: the ostium of the LAD was found posterior to the ostium of the LCx. Because of this, the proximal part of the LAD crossed the proximal part of the LCx superiorly. Furthermore, muscular bridges were found in the middle part and in the first diameter branch of the LAD. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a crossed course of the LCx and the LAD to be presented in the literature. Applications of MSCT in coronary imaging are presented in comparison with other diagnostic imaging methods. The advantages and limitations of MSCT as a diagnostic tool for anomalies of the coronary arteries are discussed.

3

Thyroid hormone at supra-physiological dose optimizes cardiac geometry and improves cardiac function in rats with old myocardial infarction

100%

Pantos C., Mourouzis I., Tsagoulis N., Markakis K., Galanopoulos G., Roukounakis N., Perimenis P., Liappas A., Cokkinos D. V.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2009

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tom 60

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nr 3

49-56

Thyroid hormone (TH) is critical in cardiac cell differentiation (regulating contractile proteins and cell geometry) and this effect could be potentially exploited therapeutically in reversing the process of de-differentiation which underlies postischemic cardiac remodeling. Acute myocardial infarction was induced in male Wistar rats by ligating left coronary artery (AMI, n=8), while sham operated animals served as control (SHAM, n=8). 13 weeks after AMI, TH was administered in a group of animals for 4 weeks (AMI-THYR, n=9). TH significantly increased ß-MHC and decreased -MHC expression in the myocardium. This response was accompanied by changes in cardiac geometry: sphericity index, (SI, long to short axis ratio) was found to be 1.95 (SEM, 0.02) in SHAM, 1.51(0.03) in AMI and 1.64(0.03) in AMI-THYR, p<0.05. As a consequence, cardiac function was significantly improved: left ventricular ejection fraction (EF%) was 74.5% (SEM, 2.8) in SHAM vs 29.5% (2.1) in AMI, and 40.0% in AMI-THYR, p<0.05. Furthermore, +dp/dt and -dp/dt were 4250 (127) and 2278 (55) in SHAM vs 2737(233) and 1508 (95) in AMI vs 3866 (310) and 2137(111) in AMI -THYR, respectively, p<0.05. TH treatment partially reverses cardiac dysfunction in rats with old myocardial infarction by favorably changing cardiac chamber geometry and expression of myosin isoforms. Thyroid hormone, unlike current treatments, appears to be a paradigm of therapeutic intervention which aims at restoring cardiac geometry and may prove new effective treatment for heart failure.

4

The effect of MS-222 on the cardiac dnd respiratory function and behaviour of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., during general anaesthesia

100%

Dziaman R., Klyszejko B., Hajek G.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

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2005

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tom 35

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nr 2

Background. Assessments of the efficacy of anaesthetics are usually based on observations of fish behaviour or changes in blood parameters. In this study we attempted to assess the process of anaesthesia, caused by MS-222, based on the measurement of heartbeat and respiratory frequency. Materials and Methods. The effect of four concentrations of MS-222 (75, 100, 125, and 150 mg · L-1) on heartbeat and respiratory frequency of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were studied using ECG. Concurrently (during general anaesthesia) fish behaviour was also observed. Results. The behavioural reactions were similar for all four treatments. The first symptom was agitation followed by sedation, loss of equilibrium, and deep anaesthesia. Small differences were observed during initial contact of fish with the anaesthetic. The ECG analysis, however, revealed significant differences in heartbeat and respiratory frequencies related to the concentration used. Irrespective of the MS-222 concentration used, the recovery time was similar in all treatments and did not exceed 5 minutes. Conclusion. The ECG method can be an important and objective tool supplementing the data acquired during visual observations of responses to anaesthesia. Its major advantage is the comparativeness of data.

5

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on exercise capacity in chronic heart failure patients without sleep apnea

80%

Steiner S., Schueller P. O., Schannwell C. M., Hennersdorf M., Strauer B. E.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2007

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tom 58

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nr 5

6

Isoproterenol induces in vivo functional and metabolic abnormalities; similar to those found in the infarcted rat heart

80%

Heather L. C., Catchpole A. F., Stuckey D. J., Cole M. A., Carr C. A., Clarke K.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2009

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tom 60

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nr 3

31-39

Chronic isoproterenol administration produces a rapid, highly reproducible rodent model of cardiac hypertrophy. Yet, despite widespread use of this model, the effects of isoproterenol on in vivo cardiac function and substrate metabolism are unknown. Isoproterenol (5 mg.kg-1.day-1) was infused for 7 days in male Wistar rats (n = 22). In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that left ventricular mass increased by 37% and end-diastolic and systolic volumes increased by 33% and 73%, respectively, following isoproterenol infusion. Cardiac function at the base of the left ventricle was normal, but apical ejection fraction decreased from 90% to 31% and apical free wall thickening decreased by 94%, accompanied by increased fibrosis and inflammation. Myocardial palmitate oxidation rates were 25% lower, and citrate synthase and medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activities were reduced by 25% and 29%, respectively, following isoproterenol infusion. Fatty acid transporter protein levels were 11-52% lower and triglyceride concentrations were 55% lower in isoproterenol-infused rat hearts. Basal glycolysis and glycogen concentration were not changed, yet insulin stimulated glycolysis was decreased by 32%, accompanied by 33% lower insulin stimulated glucose transporter, GLUT4, protein levels in rat hearts following isoproterenol infusion, compared with controls. In conclusion, isoproterenol infusion impaired in vivo cardiac function, induced hypertrophy, and decreased both fatty acid and glucose metabolism, changes similar in direction and magnitude to those found in the rat heart following moderate severity myocardial infarction.

7

Effects of calcium sensitizer OR-1896 on cardiovascular mortality and myocardial remodelling in hypertensive Dahl/Rapp rats

80%

Louhelainen M., Merasto S., Finckenberg P., Vahtola E., Kaheinen P., Leskinen H., Levijoki J., Pollesello P., Haikala H., Mervaala E. M. A.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2009

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tom 60

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nr 3

41-47

Calcium-sensitizing agents have been shown to improve cardiac function in patients suffering from acute decompensated heart failure, however, their long-term effects on cardiac remodeling and cardiovascular mortality are still largely unknown. In the present study we tested the hypothesis whether OR-1896, an active and long-lasting metabolite of calcium sensitizer levosimendan, prevents cardiovascular mortality and hypertension-induced myocardial remodelling in salt-sensitive Dahl/Rapp rats. OR-1896 was given orally to Dahl/Rapp SS rats on high-salt diet (NaCl 7% w/w) for 7 weeks at two different doses (0.5 and 0.05 mg/kg). OR-1896 prevented salt-induced cardiovascular mortality (survival rate 75 % in OR-1896 treated groups vs 38 % in untreated controls, p<0.01), ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and improved systolic functions of the heart without major influence on systemic blood pressure. OR-1896 also ameliorated salt-induced increase in cardiac ANP mRNA expression and plasma BNP level. Salt-induced cardiac remodelling was associated with 4-fold increase in cardiac p16INK4a mRNA expression, a marker of cellular senescence. OR-1896 dose-dependently ameliorated cardiomyocyte senescence. Our findings suggest a therapeutic role for OR-1896 in the prevention of cardiac remodelling in salt-sensitive forms of hypertension. The present study also underscores the importance of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of salt-induced hypertensive heart disease.

8

Effect of 2-phenoxyethanol and etomidate on cardiac and respiratory functions and behaviour of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), during general anaesthesia

80%

Dziaman R., Hajek G., Klyszejko B.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

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2010

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tom 40

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nr 1

Background. Assessments of the efficacy of anaesthetics are usually based on observations of fish behaviour or changes in blood parameters. In this study we attempted to assess the process of anaesthesia, caused by 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin (0.2% etomidate), based on recording the heartbeat and the respiratory frequency. Materials and Methods. The effect of two concentrations of 2-phenoxyethanol (0.4 mL·L–1 and 0.8 mL·L–1) and two concentrations of Propiscin (1.0 mL·L–1 and 2.0 mL·L–1) on heartbeat and respiratory frequency of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., were studied using ECG. Concurrently, during general anaesthesia, the fish behaviour was also observed. Results. The anaesthetic potential of 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin at the applied concentrations was comparable. The behavioural reactions caused by the agents were not identical. At the beginning of the exposure, 2-phenoxyethanol produced locomotor agitation and an irritation-like reaction of the respiratory system. Propiscin had no such effect. Both agents induced a decrease in the ventilatory and cardiac frequencies. The reductions caused by Propiscin were simultaneous. The inhibitory effect of 2-phenoxyethanol at the concentration of 0.8 mL·L–1 was much stronger on respiration than on heart rate. Conclusion. The ECG method can be an important and objective tool supplementing data acquired during visual observation of responses to anaesthesia. Its major advantage is the comparativeness of data.

9

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The antithrombotic effect of captopril and losartan on experimental arterial thrombosis in rats

80%

Chabielska E., Pawlak R., Golatowski J., Buczko W.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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1998

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tom 49

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nr 2

Ograniczanie wyników

M-Mode echocardiographic examinations in show-jumping and Arabian race horses

An unusual crossed course of separately originating left circumflex and left anterior descending arteries with concomitant anomalies found in multi-slice computed tomography

Thyroid hormone at supra-physiological dose optimizes cardiac geometry and improves cardiac function in rats with old myocardial infarction

The effect of MS-222 on the cardiac dnd respiratory function and behaviour of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., during general anaesthesia

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on exercise capacity in chronic heart failure patients without sleep apnea

Isoproterenol induces in vivo functional and metabolic abnormalities; similar to those found in the infarcted rat heart

Effects of calcium sensitizer OR-1896 on cardiovascular mortality and myocardial remodelling in hypertensive Dahl/Rapp rats

Effect of 2-phenoxyethanol and etomidate on cardiac and respiratory functions and behaviour of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), during general anaesthesia

The antithrombotic effect of captopril and losartan on experimental arterial thrombosis in rats