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The caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was isolated from monocyte-derived macrophages (M/M), but not from PBMC of seropositive goats by co-cultivation with goat synovial membrane cells. Out of eight M/M co-cultures, CAEV was evidenced by the syncytia formation and presence of proviral DNA in two and four cultures, respectively. Two virus isolates from co-cultures showing cytopathic effects were further confirmed as CAEV by western blotting, PCR, and sequence analysis. The nucleotide sequence of gag gene showed 92.0% and 90.3% homology to the prototype CAEV-Co strain. Supernatants harvested from these cultures induced syncytia when cultured with uninfected cells and the resultant titer was 1035 and 1025 TCID50 per ml. New CAEV isolates are suitable candidates for further analysis of their genetic and biological properties.
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is a chronic multisystemic disease widespread in the Polish goat population. It is caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV). The CAEV infection can lead to many clinical manifestations including neurological signs. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of the neurologic form of CAE in Poland. Case-control studies were based on data collected during three disease surveys carried out in a population of goats covered by a milk recording program. The data were collected in 1996, 2002 and 2007 in 72, 57 and 39 herds, respectively. ELISA test was applied to classify herds as seropositive and seronegative. No statistically significant relationship between the occurrence of neurological signs in adult goats and the presence of seropositive goats in a herd could be shown. Odds ratios for exposure calculated using the results of the studies from 2002 and 2007 (ORexp = 0.633 and 0.513, respectively) were statistically insignificant (α = 0.05). Neurological signs were observed significantly more often (α = 0.01) in adult goats than in kids. The study provided serological and histopathological diagnosis of a case of the neurologic form of CAE in an 11-week-old kid with a typical clinical presentation. It is the first instance that the condition has been diagnosed by laboratory methods in Poland. The prevalence of the neurologic form of CAE in Poland seems to be very low. It was estimated that it occurs in at most 0.65% of herds per year and it does not seem to be of high clinical importance in Poland.
A fragment of 394 bp spanning the V1-V2 variable region of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) env gene was amplified by nested-PCR from peripheral blood leukocytes of 27 sheep and seven goats from five Polish flocks. PCR products were then subjected to analysis by the heteroduplex mobility assay. SRLV found in six sheep were more similar to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, but no viruses closely related to maedi visna virus were found in the infected goats. However, in one sheep dual infection with SRLV belonging to both A and B group was found. The results showed that interspecies infections of SRLV occur in animals living under natural conditions.
Detection of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) in sheep and goats usually relies on serological testing. In this study, we evaluated semi-nested PCR and nested PCR techniques applied as a diagnostic tool for detection of maedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in naturally infected sheep and goats, respectively. The examination of 193 ovine and 85 caprine serum samples by the ELISA revealed the presence of specific antibodies in 133 (69%) and 18 (21.2%) animals, respectively. Presence of proviral DNA was manifested in 103 (53.4%) sheep and 12 (14.2%) goats. Despite the relatively lower sensitivity of PCR, the fact of detection of proviral DNA in 19 out of 60 ovine samples and 7 out of 67 caprine samples collected from animals previously negative by ELISA was noteworthy. In conclusion, the data demonstrated that combinations of both ELISA and PCR might afford optimal detection of SRLVs infection.
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