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Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is an enzyme with proteolytic activity against matrix proteins, particularly basement membrane constituents. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at -1306, which disrupts a Sp1-type promoter site (CCACC box), displayed a strikingly lower promoter activity with the T allele. In the present study, we investigate whether this MMP-2 SNP is associated with susceptibility to breast cancer in the Saudi population. Ninety breast cancer patients and 92 age matched controls were included in this study. TaqMan Allele Discrimination assay and DNA sequencing techniques were used for genotyping. The results showed that, the frequency of MMP-2 CC wild genotype was lower in breast cancer patients when compared with healthy controls (0.65 versus 0.79). The homozygous CC (OR=2, χ2=5.36, p=0.02) and heterozygous CT (OR=1.98, χ2=4.1, p=0.04) showing significantly high risk of breast cancer in the investigated group. In conclusion our data suggest that the MMP-2 C-1306T polymorphism may be associated with increased breast cancer risk in the Saudi population.
Biomedical research needs to leverage and exploit large amount of information reported in scientific publication. Literature data collected from publications has to be managed to extract information, transforms into an understandable structure using text mining approaches. Text mining refers to the process of deriving high-quality information from text by finding relationships between entities which do not show direct associations. Therefore, as an example of this approach, we present the link between two diseases i.e. breast cancer and obesity.Obesity is known to be associated with cancer mortality, but little is known about the link between lifetime changes in BMI of obese person and cancer mortality in both males and females. In this article, literature data for obesity and breast cancer was obtained using PubMed database and then methodologies which employs groups of common genes and keywords with their frequency of occurrence in the data were used, aimed to establish relation between obesity and breast cancer visualized using Pi-charts and bar graphs. From the data analysis, we obtained 1 gene which showed the link between both the diseases and validated using statistical analysis and disease-connect web server. We also proposed 8 common higher frequency keywords which could be used for indexing while searching the literature for obesity and breast cancer in combination.
The homozygous 657del5 mutation, called Slavic mutation, of the NBS1 gene, causes the Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS). This syndrome is connected with a high incidence of malignancies in early childhood. A high frequency of NBS heterozygotes was found among patients with melanoma, breast, ovary and prostate cancer. The aim of our research was to determine the frequency of 657del5 mutation of the NBS1 gene in the population of Wielkopolska province. For this purpose, we analysed blood samples from anonymous Guthrie cards. In a group of 2090 newborns from the whole province, we found 16 heterozygous mutation carriers. The frequency of 1/131 is higher than 1/190 reported for populations from other regions in Poland. We observed differential regional distribution of heterozygous 657del5 mutation carriers within the province: among 464 samples from the eastern part of Wielkopolska we found 6 carriers (1/77), in contrast to the southern part without any carrier among 625 samples analysed. The high mean frequency of heterozygous 657del5 mutation (1/131) in Wielkopolska province may be associated with cancer incidence in this region.
The results of several epidemiological studies have suggested that a soybean-based diet is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. We investigated the effect of the soy isoflavone genistein on the proliferation and contact-stimulated migration of rat prostatic carcinoma MAT-LyLu and AT-2 cell lines. Genistein almost completely inhibited the growth of both MAT-LyLu and AT-2 cells in the concentration range from 25 to 100 μM, but the addition of 1 μM genistein to the medium significantly stimulated the proliferation of both cell lines. Additionally, at concentrations above 25 μM, genistein showed a potent cytotoxic effect. However, the central finding of this study is that at physiologically relevant concentrations (1 μM and 10 μM), genistein inhibits the motility of prostate cancer cells stimulated by homo-and heterotypic contacts. These results show that at physiological concentrations, genistein exerts an inhibitory effect on the migration of prostate cancer cells and suggest that it may be one of the factors responsible for the anti-metastatic activity of plant isoflavonoids.
Introduction and objective. Phytoestrogens are one of nutritional factors exhibiting a chemoprotective action, potentially reducing vasomotor symptoms as well as cancerous lesions. The study was ocused on an association between the consumption of phytoestrogens in the diet, blood serum cholesterol concentration and urinary estrogen metabolites levels. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 55 women in the perimenopausal period, who were characterized by an increased risk of hormone-dependent cancer. Energy and nutritive value of food rations, and especially the level of phytoestrogen consumption in the diets in the examined population, were analyzed using the Wikt Pro computer programme. Estrogen metabolites (2OHE, 16α-OHE1) were determined from 24‑urine samples by the ELISA method. The EMR index was calculated. Plasma total cholesterol concentrations was measured. Results and conclusions. The population with a higher consumption of phytoestrogens and dietary fibre in the diet, at the simultaneous slight limitation of energy value of the food ration, is characterized by an improved blood serum cholesterol concentration and an appropriate estrogen metabolism towards a significant increase in the estrogen index for the cancer lesions in the mammary glands.
Background. Knowledge on proper nutrition favours the creation of pro-healthy nutritional behaviours of people. Studies related to the nutritional knowledge of adults, diet quality and incidence of breast or lung cancers are limited. Objective. Analysis of the relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge, diet quality and risk of breast cancer in women or lung cancer in men from the Warmia and Mazury region in Poland. Material and methods. The study was carried out in 202 subjects aged 23-80 years, including 107 women (17 cases of breast cancer) and 95 men (54 cases of lung cancer) from the Warmia and Mazury region in Poland. Nutritional knowledge was evaluated with the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviours (QEB), including 25 statements. Based on the frequency of the consumption of 16 food items, two diet quality indices were created: the pro-Healthy-Diet-Index-8 (pHDI-8) and the non-Healthy-Diet-Index-8 (nHDI-8). The values of pHDI-8 and nHDI-8 were calculated on the basis of the sum of the daily frequency of consumption of the selected food items and expressed as times/day. The Odds Ratio (OR) of both breast cancer or lung cancer in relation to the level of nutritional knowledge was calculated based on a logistic regression analysis. Results. The incidence of breast or lung cancer in the bottom, middle and upper tertile of nutritional knowledge was 57.6%, 32.6% and 15.8%, respectively. As nutritional knowledge grew in the subsequent tertiles, pHDI-8 was on the increase (2.63 vs. 3.78 vs. 4.22 times/day) and n-HDI-8 was on the decrease (1.32 vs. 1.21 vs. 0.94 times/day). In the upper tertile of nutritional knowledge, the Odds Ratio for the incidence of breast or lung cancers varied from 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02; 0.17; p<0.05, with adjustment for cancer type and age) to 0.17 (95% CI: 0.04; 0.69; p<0.05, with adjustment for age and sex) when compared to the bottom tertile (OR=1.00). In the middle tertile of nutritional knowledge, the Odds Ratio of both cancers varied from 0.27 (95% CI: 0.12; 0.62, p<0.05, with adjustment for cancer type and age) to 0.35 (95% CI: 0.18; 0.71, p<0.05, variables without adjustment) when compared to the bottom tertile. Conclusions. A higher level of nutritional knowledge was associated with the higher quality of a pro-healthy diet and lower risk of breast cancer in women or lung cancer in men. In contrast, a lower level of nutritional knowledge was associated with a lower diet quality and a higher risk of both types of cancers.
Estrogens play an important role in the growth and terminal differentiation of the mammary gland. Prolonged exposure to estrogens seems to predispose women to breast cancer. It recently became evident that not only the intrinsic hormonal status but also external factors such as the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and chemicals with hormone activity in the environment may put women at greater risk of developing breast cancer. We focused on the interference of endocrine disruptors in breast cancer therapy. We observed that phenol red added to the culture medium strongly promoted the cell proliferation and cell cycle progression of human cells expressing the estrogen receptor, and affected their susceptibility to chemotherapy.
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in women. Accumulating evidence indicates that the fidelity of double-strand break repair in response to DNA damage is an important step in mammary neoplasias. The RAD51 and BRCA1 proteins are involved in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks by homologous recombination. In this study, we evaluated loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the RAD51 and BRCA1 regions, and their association with breast cancer. The polymorphic markers D15S118, D15S214 and D15S1006 were the focus for RAD51, and D17S855 and D17S1323 for BRCA1. Genomic deletion detected by allelic loss varied according to the regions tested, and ranged from 29 to 46% of informative cases for the RAD51 region and from 38 to 42% of informative cases for the BRCA1 region. 25% of breast cancer cases displayed LOH for at least one studied marker in the RAD51 region exclusively. On the other hand, 31% of breast cancer cases manifested LOH for at least one microsatellite marker concomitantly in the RAD51 and BRCA1 regions. LOH in the RAD51 region, similarly as in the BRCA1 region, appeared to correlate with steroid receptor status. The obtained results indicate that alteration in the RAD51 region may contribute to the disturbances of DNA repair involving RAD51 and BRCA1 and thus enhance the risk of breast cancer development.
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