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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Oxidative stress responses in lignin-reduced Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in both control and cadmium-exposed conditions

100%
Gielen M., Weyens N., Cuypers A., Boerjan W., Vangronsveld J.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
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2013
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tom 94
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nr 2
2

Morphological changes in duodenal epithelium of Japanese quail after chronic cadmium exposure

84%
Cigankova V., Almasiova V., Holovska K.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2010
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tom 19
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nr 2
275-282
Our study investigated morphological changes in enterocytes of adult Japanese quails that were given cadmium (CdCl₂) perorally and individually by tube, dissolved in water at a dose of 0.24 mg Cd per animal per day, for 57 and 118 days. The aim of our study was to observe chronic effects of cadmium on the structure of duodenal epithelium by means of light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). On day 57, following peroral administration of cadmium, necrotizing enterocytes were found in the apical part of intestinal villi and their occurrence was only sporadic. Particularly on day 118 following cadmium administration, we were able to observe clusters of 2-3 necrotizing cells in the apical part of intestinal villi. However, the structure and ultrastructure of goblet cells was normal. The most notable finding in ultrastructure of all enterocytes of treated animals was the damage to cell organelles. Mitochondria and cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum were more or less damaged and the cytoplasm contained flocculent material, particularly in the basal part of enterocytes. Some enterocytes exhibited signs of necrosis, shrivelled nucleus and damaged organelles within the markedly electrondense cytoplasm. Microvilli on the apical surface of these enterocytes were damaged and disintegrated. Junctions between cells of the intestinal epithelium were disturbed, and a present of intracellular plaques associated with the adhering and occluding junctions was observed. Cadmium caused the formation of gaps within the specialized junctional complexes, and injury to enterocytes results in the breakdown of the intercellular attachments and the sloughing of the injured cells into the intestinal lumen.
3

Changes in primary and secondary spermatocytes in seminal vesicles in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa) after 10 days of cadmium exposure

84%
Siekierska E., Brzozowa M.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement
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2008
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tom 50
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nr 1
4
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Enzymatic antioxidant defense in isolated rat hepatocytes exposed to cadmium

67%
Skrzycki M., Czeczot H., Majewska M., Podsiad M., Karlik W., Grono D., Wiechetek M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2010
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tom 13
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nr 4
The aim of the study was the evaluation of cadmium effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rat hepatocytes. The studies were conducted with isolated rat hepatocytes incubated for 1 or 2 hours in a modified (deprived of carbonates with phosphates) Williams’ E medium (MWE) in the presence of cadmium chloride (25, 50 and 200 μM). Hepatocytes incubated in the MWE medium without cadmium chloride were used as a control. The application of the modified Williams’ E medium allowed for the appearance of cadmium compounds in a soluble form that is indispensable for suitable estimation of its toxic action. There were evaluated markers of the oxidative stress such as: concentration of thiobarbiturate reactive substances (TBARS) – proportional to the level of lipid peroxidation, concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2), catalase (CAT), total glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), selenium – dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGSHPx), glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GSHR). Alterations of antioxidant enzymes activity, the level of TBARS and GSH in isolated rat hepatocytes caused by cadmium in vitro, were shown to depend on the concentration and time of exposure of cells to this metal. The increased level of TBARS and GSH was observed as well as changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The activity of SOD isoenzymes and CAT was increased, whereas GSHPx and GST were decreased. These results indicate that cadmium induces oxidative stress followed by alterations in the cellular antioxidant enzyme system in isolated rat hepatocytes.
5
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Exposure to lead and cadmium released from ceramics and glassware intended to come into contact with food

67%
Rebeniak M., Wojciechowska-Mazurek M., Mania M., Szynal T., Strzelecka A., Starska K.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
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2014
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tom 65
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nr 4
Background. The dietary intake of harmful elements, particularly lead and cadmium constitutes a health threat and essential measures should be undertaken to reduce consumer exposure. The latest risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) have indicated that the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) for lead and cadmium do not ensure health safety and their review had to be undertaken. Migration from ceramics and glassware intended for food contact is an important source of lead and cadmium intake. Objectives. To study the release of lead and cadmium from ceramics and glassware (including decorated products) intended for food contact that are available on the Polish market and to assess the resulting health risk to the consumer. Materials and Methods. Ceramics and glassware (mainly decorated) were sampled from the Polish market during 2010- 2012 throughout the country by staff of the Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations in accordance with monitoring procedures and guidelines designed by the National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene. Migration of lead and cadmium was measured by incubating the samples with 4% acetic acid for 24 hours at a temperature of 22±2ºC in the dark. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) was used to measure these elements in food simulant according to a validated and accredited method (PN-EN ISO/IEC 17025). Results. 1273 samples of ceramics and glass wares were analysed in 2010-2012. Lead and cadmium release were usually found to be below analytical detection limits. Permissible migration limits (as prescribed by the legislation) of these metals were rarely exceeded and were reported mainly in articles imported from outside the EU. Two imported and decorated ceramic flat plates released lead at 0.9 and 11.9 mg/dm2 (limit 0.8 mg/dm2) and 5 imported deep plates gave migration values of 4.7 mg/L, 4.9 mg/L, 5.6 mg/L, 6.1 mg/L, 8.6 mg/L (limit 4.0 mg/L). Lead migrations from ceramic ware rims above the 2.0 mg per product limit (as established in Polish Standard PN-B-13210:1997 [16]) were observed in 4 samples, at 2.1, 3.7, 4.2 and 14.4 mg per product, respectively. Migrations of cadmium from the ceramic samples’ rims were within permissible limits. Majority of high migration results were obtained for decorated rims of glass vessels for beverages. The highest migration from the rim of an imported glass mug was reported at 163.8 mg/product for lead and at 8.96 mg/product for cadmium. Risk assessment indicated that exposures to lead and cadmium released from ceramic wares based on the migration limits set by the EU legislation lead to human intake close to, or exceeding reference doses. For a 20 kg b.w. child the lead BMDL01 value could thus be exceeded by over 30-fold and the cadmium TWI value 4-fold. Conclusions. Review of EU legislation applicable to lead and cadmium migration limits from ceramics is necessary with an intention to lower such limits. The limits applied to the rims of ceramics and glassware intended for beverages should be included. The release of lead and cadmium at the maximum permissible levels for ceramics may lead to uptakes becoming hazardous to human health. Appropriate measures are thus necessary to reduce sources of exposure.
6

Zawartosc kadmu, miedzi, cynku i zelaza w watrobie kurczat intoksykowanych kadmem oraz kadmem i fenitrotionem

51%
Zasadowski A., Barski D.
Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna
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2003
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tom 36
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nr 2
143-149
7

Ocena narazenia niemowlat na pobieranie olowiu i kadmu z pozywieniem

51%
Winiarska-Mieczan A., Gil G.
Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna
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2007
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tom 40
|
nr 2
137-144
Celem pracy było ustalenie zawartości składników mineralnych z uwzględnieniem poziomu ołowiu i kadmu w odżywkach dla niemowląt. Ponadto określono preferencje żywieniowe badanej grupy niemowląt oraz czynniki wpływające na spożycie odżywek. W większości badanych posiłków zawartość Zn, Cu, P, Na i Mg znacznie przekraczała 5% próg dziennego spożycia, co jednak nie zostało opisane na etykietach, pomimo, że zalecane jest umieszczanie tego typu informacji. Badania wykazały, że produkty specjalnego przeznaczenia żywieniowego nie zawsze spełniają normy bezpieczeństwa, jeśli chodzi o zawartość ołowiu. Należy uznać badane odżywki za bezpieczne pod względem zawartości kadmu. W Polsce gotowe produkty spożywcze dla niemowląt nie cieszą się zbyt dużym zaufaniem, należy jednak stale monitorować ich skład chemiczny, ponieważ stanowią poważne źródło szkodliwych zanieczyszczeń.
8

Ocena narazenia dzieci na olow i kadm, wynikajacego z zanieczyszczenia placow zabaw w miejscowosciach gorskich

51%
Kulka E., Krajewska J.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
|
2003
|
tom 54
|
nr Supl.
62-63
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