The aim of this study was to analyse the acidity and buffer abilities of selected soils occurring within terrestrial (forest, arable and meadow) ecosystems, under specific form of protection within the Lasy Janowskie Landscape Park. The results of the study indicate that the very acid and acid reaction of the soil environment is the result of natural processes, such as relations between mother rock and plant cover (low pH, high value of hydrolytic and exchangeable acidity, and high content of mobile aluminum), and low degree of saturation of the sorption complex with bases. The greatest buffering abilities showed typic gley soil (Dystric Gleysol), peat soil (Terric Histosol), and accumulation horizons of other soil types.
The research was carried out in the drained lowland bogs of the Lower San Valley.Special attention was paid to the role of peatbogs in reducing migration of the surplus biogenic and toxic elements.Land drainage carried out in the routine was together with synergistic drainage exploitationof deep waters results in progressing degradation of peat soils. Their capability of accumulating nitrogen,calcium and phosphorus, basic biogenic elements influencing eutrophication of the waters is declining. Mineralizing organic matterbecomes a secondary source of pollution, releasing huge amounts of biogenes and toxic heavy metals store on the surface; this process can be seen well in the profile of degraded fragments of the objest under research. Hydrophobic muck horizons also lose their ability to neutralise extreme conditions of droughts and floods. The remaining peat soils of the San Valley require protection, and even renaturization.
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