Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Brain stem implantable electrodes in management of total deafness after removal of acoustic neuroma - a review of operative approaches

100%

Skarzynska B., Skarzynski H., Niemczyk K.

Folia Morphologica

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1996

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tom 55

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nr 4

2

Motor nucleus of the V-th nerve and the control of breathing. Breuer-Hering reflexes and apneustic breathing

88%

Gromysz H., Karczewski A. W., Jernajczyk U.

Acta Physiologica Polonica

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1990

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tom 41

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nr 7

Gromysz H., Karczewski W. A., Jernajczyk U.: Motor nucleus of the V-th nerve and the control of breathing. Brener-Hering reflexes and apneustic breathing. Acta Physiol. Pol. Earlier studies from this department have demonstrated that neurones of the V-th nerve motor nucleus (NVmt) have oligosynaptic, inhibitory output to the inspiratory motoneurone themselves under the influence of a polysynaptic input from vagal afferents. To check the hypothesis that NVmt is a part of the pneumotaxic mechanism, we studied the effects of pharmacological microblockade of the NVmt on Breuer-Hering reflexes in halothane-anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rabbits. Activities of NVmt neurones and phrenic nerve firing were recorded. Acid-base balance was controlled and histologic examinations were routinely performed. Expiratory activities were regulatory found in NVmt. Its blockade elicited a typical apneustic breathing. During the blockade the Breuer-Hering reflexes gave “paradoxical” effects: an increase in central respiratory frequency following inflation, inspiratory apneusis in response to deflation. We conclude that the NVmt is an important component of the pneumotaxic mechanism or even the anatomical substrate of the pneumotaxic “centre”.

3

Radiological anatomy of the ambient cistern in children

88%

Skadorwa T., Eibl M., Zyganska E., Ciszek B.

Folia Morphologica

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2010

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tom 69

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nr 2

Ambient cistern (AC) is a thin extension of the subarachnoid space surrounding the brainstem at the level of the mesencephalon and pons. Despite various definitions, it constitutes an important landmark in clinical assessment of intracranial volume reserve. Although it is indisputably useful, there exists no defined standard for radiological examination for the dimensions and ranges in specific age groups. This paper aims to describe the ambient cistern anatomically and give the ranges of dimensions for proper radiological interpretation. The study was performed on 160 axial computed tomography (CT) examinations of Polish children of both sexes, aged 1–18 years, admitted to the hospital because of mild brain concussion. Pictures were made using a Siemens 8-row CT scanner, without contrast administration. We estimated distances at the level of the pons and midbrain, based on axial cross-sections, according to standard radiological protocol. The parameters included the width of the AC in its anterior and posterior part, the width of the tentorial notch, and the distance from the pons and sella. All measurements were analyzed statistically with StatSoft Statistica 8.0 software. The average width of the AC differs between age groups. It is greatest at 1–3 years (2.8 ± 0.6 mm) and lowest at 4–10 years (2.4 ± 0.6 mm). AC is more likely to be greater in its anterior part in boys. The distance from the sella to the pons is greatest in 1–3- -year-old girls (6.9 ± 1.3 mm), and the tentorial notch is widest in the 15–18-year-old group (24.6 ± 2.4 mm). Dimensions of the AC correlate with intracranial reserve volume. This is particularly visible in the youngest children. Thin and narrow AC is not always a sign of raised intracranial pressure. It may be specific for the child’s age. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 2: 78–83)

4

Structure and topography of the cochlear nucleus in bison

88%

Budnik A., Jatczak B.

Folia Morphologica

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1991

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tom 50

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nr 3-4

5

The development of the spinal accessory nerve in human embryos during 5th week [stages 14 and 15]

88%

Skorzewska A., Bruska M., Wozniak W.

Folia Morphologica

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1994

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tom 53

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nr 3

6

Digital-image analysis of the rhomboid fossa surface

88%

Bogucki J., Gielecki J., Czernicki Z.

Folia Morphologica

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1997

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tom 56

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nr 3

7

The anatomy of the median branches of the basilar artery

88%

Kwiatkowska M., Ciszek B.

Folia Morphologica

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2000

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tom 59

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nr 4

The aim of study was the examination of the median branches (MB) of the basilar artery (BA). 783 MB were found in 100 human brainstems injected with coloured latex. The attachment of the MB to the quadrants of the BA’s trunk, their structural shape, length of trunks, topographical arrangement (on three vascular levels) and the clinical importance of this vascular pattern was evaluated. The MB arise from Pr and Pl quadrants of the BA’s trunk in 100% cases, represent 37.7% of BA’s branches and are mostly located in the foramen caecum area (56%). The MB confine the BA’s stem mobility on the V CN area and above, because of their shortest trunks especially on these vascular levels. In the examined specimens the MB varied in number from 0 to 22 (mean, 8).

8

Alteration of brain stem auditory evoked potentials after intracerebroventricular administration of met-enkephalin in rabbits

75%

Gregorowicz K., Kosinski S., Traczyk W. Z.

Acta Physiologica Polonica

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1990

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tom 41

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nr 1-3

Gregorowicz К., Kosiński S., Traczyk W. Z.: Alteration of brain stem auditory evoked potentials after intracerebroventricular administration of met-enkephalin in rabbits. Acta Physiol. Pol. 1990, 41(1-3): 63-70. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were elicited by binaural click stimulation and recorded from the rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes and a cannula for intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.). 4000 BAEPs were averaged off line. The registration was carried out before and after i.c.v. injection of met-enkephalin (2.5 or 25 nmol), naloxon (20 μg ), or i.v. injection of morphine (1.0, 2.0, 5.0 mg/kg b.w.). Enkephalin caused shortening of interpeak latency time, naloxon caused its lengthening, while the effect of morphine was not unidirectional. Enkephalin caused increase in the surface area below the negative peaks located in the range of 4.5-7.5 ms from the first positive peak, naloxon caused its decrease while the effect of morphine was also in this respect not unidirectional. It is concluded that opiate receptors are involved in the modulation of the auditory brainstem responses.

9

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Cerebral blood flow in split-brainstem rabbits

75%

Glowicki K., Ryba M., Karczewski W. A.

Acta Physiologica Polonica

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1987

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tom 38

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nr 1

10

The hypoglossal nuclear complex in reindeer

75%

Krakowska I.

Folia Morphologica

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1998

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tom 57

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nr 3

11

The spinal trigeminal nucleus - considerations on the structure of the nucleus caudalis

75%

Rusu M. C.

Folia Morphologica

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2004

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tom 63

|

nr 3

The caudal part (nucleus caudalis) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus is considered to be the site of the second order neurons of the nociceptive pathways of the face. Recent studies have supported the co-participation in these circuits of the oral part of the same nucleus (nucleus oralis). The aims of the present study are: 1) to determine the morphology of the nucleus caudalis in human preparates; 2) to consider whether there is any structural basis for the pathways of signal transmission observed in animal experiments; 3) to provide evidence-based support for further consideration on the orofacial pathways. The studies were made using the Bielschowsky silver staining technique (on blocks) applied to drawn pieces of brainstems from human cadavers. On the sections the outer laminae of the nucleus are distinguishable, while the inner part hardly exposes any laminar configuration on transverse cuts. A marginal plexus with small polygonal or rounded small cells appears configured in 3 parts, namely dorsal, intermediate and ventral. Outer to the marginal plexus a clear band marks it off from the interstitial plexus, which appears more delicate. Within the marginal plexus is substantia gelatinosa with rare randomly distributed small or medium-sized cells. The inner magnocellular layers consist of clusters of small cells specifically allocated to fibre bundles, isolated small cells and large cells, pear-shaped or fusiform, appearing either bipolar or multipolar. The marginal and interstitial plexuses can represent the framework for modulation and vertical signal transmission within the spinal trigeminal nucleus, while the magnocellular layers seem to be mainly responsible for contralateral projection. It seems that the outer laminae of the spinal trigeminal nucleus may represent the receiver and the inner laminae the transmitter of the signal on the trigeminal pathway at brainstem level.

12

The spontaneous theta rhythm recorded from the hypothalamus posterior in the cat in vivo

75%

Grabowski R., Blaszczyk M., Eckersdorf B., Golebiewski H., Konopacki J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1996

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tom 56

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nr 1

13

The value of the heavily T2-weighted sequence in evaluation of the cisternal and petroclival segment of the abducent nerve

75%

Bobek-Billewicz B., Dziewiatkowski J.

Folia Morphologica

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2001

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tom 60

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nr 1

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) in imaging of the cisternal and petroclival segments of the abducent nerve. Heavily T2-weighted submillimetric 3D sequence in axial plane, T1-weighted 3D, 1.5 mm slice thickness sequence in axial plane and TOF sequence were performed on 16 volunteers. Additionally the reformatted T2-weighted images in sagittal and in oblique parasagittal plane parallel to the abducent nerve in the pontine cistern were performed. The heavily T2-weighted sequence provides high contrast between fluid and other structures. High signal intensity of the cerebrospinal fluid is a kind of background for cranial nerves, vessels, meninges as well as for bony and fibrous structures. The authors identified the abducent nerve in at least one plane of the submillimetric, heavily T2-weighted sequences in 84.4% cases (in 84.4% in axial plane, 68.8% in sagittal and 84.4% parasagittal parallel to the VI-th cranial nerve in the pontine cistern). Dorello’s canal was identified in 27/32 abducent nerves (84.4%) on the submillimetric, heavily T2-weighted sequence in parasagittal parallel to the abducent nerve in the pontine cistern plane. In 71.9% (23/32) of cases, the abducent nerve was in contact with the arterial vessel in pontine cistern.

14

Electrical activity of the acutely isolated pons in cats

75%

Dec K., Stasiak M., Waleszczyk W., Zernicki B.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1996

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tom 56

|

nr 3

15

Distinct generators for aspiration and expiration reflexes: localization, mechanisms and effects

63%

Tomori Z., Poliacek I., Jakus J., Widdicombe J., Donic V., Benacka R., Gresova S.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2010

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tom 61

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nr 1

5-12

Re-evaluation of our earlier c-Fos-like immuno-reactive studies and brainstem transection/lesion experiments in over 40 anaesthetized, non-paralyzed cats allowed comparison of two distinct airway defensive reflexes with the distinct generators for inspiration (I) and expiration (E), described recently in juvenile rats. The spiration reflex (AspR) is characterized by solitary rapid and strong inspiratory effort with a reciprocal inhibition, preventing a subsequent active expiration, while the expiration reflex (ExpR) manifests by rapid and strong expiratory effort, starting without a preceding, inspiration, or reciprocal inhibition of occasional spontaneous inspiration. The retro-trapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group neurones described as the distinct generator for active E in rats, are activated also during the ExpR in adult cats. Brainstem transection 5 mm above the obex eliminates the E generator and the ExpR, but preserves the I generator located in the pre-Bötzinger Complex, and also the AspR. This suggests the existence of a distinct I generator in cats as well as rats, and its contribution to the generation of the AspR. Persistence of the AspR in adult cats during asphyxic gasping, their similar character and the strong activation of I neurones at many places in the medulla and pons, suggest a common brainstem neuronal circuit contributing to generation of both the gasping and the gasp-like AspR. That the AspR and ExpR have distinct multilevel brainstem control mechanisms supports the dual theory of control and provides unique models for testing respiratory rhythm and pattern generation. The AspR may be compared with the powerful "auto-resuscitation effects of asphyxic gasping"; the ExpR may underly the effectiveness of the laryngeal chemoreflexes in prevention of lung diseases.

16

Contribution of neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase to N-acetylcysteine-induced increase of NO synthase activity in the brain of normotensive and hypertensive rats

63%

Pechanova O., Kunes J., Dobesova Z., Vrankova S., Zicha J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2009

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tom 60

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nr 4

21-25

The goal of our study was to determine a contribution of nNOS to the increase of brain NO synthase activity induced by chronic N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment. Young 4-week-old male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were subjected to treatment with NAC (1.5 g/kg/day) for 8 weeks. At the end of experiment total NOS activity was determined in the brainstem and cerebellum with and without specific nNOS inhibitor S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (SMTC, 10-6 mol/l) by measuring the formation of L-[3H] citrulline from L-[3H] arginine. Chronic NAC treatment had no effect on blood pressure (BP) of WKY, while it attenuated BP increase in young SHR. Total NOS activity was increased in the brainstem of SHR compared to WKY, but this strain difference was abolished by SMTC. Chronic NAC treatment of SHR increased total NOS activity by 32% in the brainstem and by 67% in the cerebellum. After the incubation of brainstem and cerebellum with SMTC there were no significant differences in NOS activity of NAC-treated rats compared to strain-matched controls. Taken together, nNOS seems to be responsible for the increase of total NOS activity in the brain of SHR. SMTC inhibited 86% and 70% of NAC-induced increase of total NOS activity in the brainstem and cerebellum, respectively. Thus, nNOS is responsible not only for strain differences but also for NAC-induced increase of total NOS activity in the brain.

17

Unity from duality

63%

Doty R. W.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2003

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tom 63

|

nr 3

18

The spinal accessory nerve in human embryos at 6th week [stages 16 and 17]

63%

Skorzewska A., Wozniak W., Bruska M.

Folia Morphologica

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1994

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tom 53

|

nr 4

19

The assessment of acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain stem and muscles after administering reserpine and dichlorvos to animals

63%

Koczanowski B.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Zoologia

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1997

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tom 39

20

Brainstem neurones and postganglionic sympathetic nerves: does correlation mean connection?

63%

McAllen R. M., May C. N.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1996

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tom 56

|

nr 1

Ograniczanie wyników

Brain stem implantable electrodes in management of total deafness after removal of acoustic neuroma - a review of operative approaches

Motor nucleus of the V-th nerve and the control of breathing. Breuer-Hering reflexes and apneustic breathing

Radiological anatomy of the ambient cistern in children

Structure and topography of the cochlear nucleus in bison

The development of the spinal accessory nerve in human embryos during 5th week [stages 14 and 15]

Digital-image analysis of the rhomboid fossa surface

The anatomy of the median branches of the basilar artery

Alteration of brain stem auditory evoked potentials after intracerebroventricular administration of met-enkephalin in rabbits

Cerebral blood flow in split-brainstem rabbits

The hypoglossal nuclear complex in reindeer

The spinal trigeminal nucleus - considerations on the structure of the nucleus caudalis

The spontaneous theta rhythm recorded from the hypothalamus posterior in the cat in vivo

The value of the heavily T2-weighted sequence in evaluation of the cisternal and petroclival segment of the abducent nerve

Electrical activity of the acutely isolated pons in cats

Distinct generators for aspiration and expiration reflexes: localization, mechanisms and effects

Contribution of neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase to N-acetylcysteine-induced increase of NO synthase activity in the brain of normotensive and hypertensive rats

Unity from duality

The spinal accessory nerve in human embryos at 6th week [stages 16 and 17]

The assessment of acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain stem and muscles after administering reserpine and dichlorvos to animals

Brainstem neurones and postganglionic sympathetic nerves: does correlation mean connection?