The results of studies showed that residues of 2,4-D bound in the soil are available for wheat plants. It was found that most of radioactive residues detected in the soil were accumulated in fulvic acids fraction soluble in the water. Therefore, this part of residues can be available not only for progressive plants, but also for soil and aquatic organisms. The binding of 2,4-D residues with the soil matter turned out to be a partly reversible process, which progressed under biotic as well as abiotic factors. The soil microorganisms play a beneficial role in the soil environment. Due to their activity the bound residues are released in small amounts into soil solution, and mineralized more than under abiotic factors.
The transformations of ¹⁴C-ring-labeled carbofuran and leaching with water in the humus soil were investigated. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions using natural profile of arable layer (mini-lysimeters) and in field lysimeter. The tested compound applied on the soil surface was eluted with water in laboratory and sprinkled four-times every 2 weeks in field trial. Carbofuran was mobile in the soil with permeable water. lts residues could reach the ground water as a result of leaching with heavy rains. The both processes, disappearance of extractable residues and formation of bound ones were most intensive in the upper layers of the soil. The using of natural soil profiles (mini-lysimeters) offer an excellent experimental set up for study of crop protection chemicals behaviour in the soil.
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