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The aim of work was to determine the effects of 8-week strength-endurance training program on somatic indicators in senior females. Applying bioelectrical impedance analysis method (InBODY 230 device) we evaluated the following parameters: body weight, BMI, body fat, total skeletal muscle mass, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass in left and right upper and lower extremities, trunk muscle mass, and the mineral mass in the body. To assess regularity of physical activities, variability of lifestyle and quality of life, we used a standardized survey questionnaire. The study was carried out on 29 senior citizens, of the average 70.28 years of age and BMI 26.47 kg/m². A group of active elderly women underwent an 8-week strength-endurance program, including exercises focused primarily on the development of strength abilities of the upper limbs, and secondarily on developing strength abilities of lower extremities and developing general aerobic abilities. The influence of the aerobic program induced statistically significant increase in the total skeletal muscle mass from the initial value of 22.966 kg to 23.552 kg, an increase by 0.552kg (p≤0.01) of the monitored parameter. On the contrary, the parameter of body fat percentage of the studied group showed significant decrease of the input value of 36.207%, to the output value of 35.062%, representing a change at the level of 1.145% (p ≤0.01). By assessment of changes in the muscle mass of upper limbs and the trunk, we found a statistically significant increase, which reflects a change in the total quantity of the skeletal muscle (p ≤0.005). The mineral mass in the probands increased by only 0.091 kg. However, this increase was confirmed at 0.1% level of statistical significance (p≤0.001). The above results indicate that regular performance of physical activities in groups of the elderly proves to be efficient in preventing sarcopenia, obesity and maintaining a balance of the particular tissues making up the total body composition.
This study investigates to what extent long term effectiveness of weight reduction program in obese adolescents depends on the body composition before therapy and its changes during therapy. Studies were conducted on 78 obese adolescents aged 12-16 years, who participated in a 4-week weight reduction program, which consisted of low energy diet (5.47 MJ per day, 18% protein, 26% fat, 56% carbohydrate) and physical exercises. Body weight (BW) and body composition (fat mass - FM, lean body mass - LBM) were measured using bioimpedance method before and during therapy as well as six months later. After 4-week BW, FM, LBM decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Six months after termination of therapy the mean BW increased, but mainly due to LBM. Mean changes FM (0.29 kg ±3.93) were not significant however in 50% of population FM increased. Correlation between loss of LBM during therapy and FM gain after six months was statistically significant. FM after six months correlated with BW and FM before therapy and changes BW during therapy. Effectiveness of the program could be well predicted by BC before therapy and its changes during therapy. Results permitted to formulate detailed recommendations for weight reduction program for obese adolescents regarding the individual degree of obesity and BC.
Zastosowanie diety niskoenergetycznej 1200 kcal u otyłych kobiet przez okres 4 miesięcy spowodowało zmniejszenie masy ciała o 6,7kg (6,8%), masy tkanki tłuszczowej o 4,6 kg beztłuszczowej masy ciała 1,6 kg, całkowitej zawartości wody w organizmie o 1,48 kg Procent beztłuszczowej masy ciała nie zmniejszył się. Stosunek ilości wody pozakomórkowej do wody wewnątrzkomórkowej nie uległ zmianie.
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