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Within a three-year cycle of studies, experiments were conducted with Polyversum WP biofungicide and Asahi SL biostimulant used as crop protection products of strawberry fruits of Kent and Senga Sengana varieties. A comparative combination was made of the following fungicides: thiram, iprodione, pyrimethanil and fenhexamid, that were applied accordingly to the strawberry protection program. All protective treatments had no significant effect on dry matter content of the fruits of both strawberry varieties and on the marketable yield in the case of Kent var. fruits. The use of combination of Asahi SL and Polyversum WP preparations resulted in increased contents of vitamin C and total sugars in fruits of Kent var. In the case of Senga Segana var., this treatment had a beneficial effect only on vitamin C content in one year of the study and on the increase in the marketable yield when coupled with synthetic fungicides. The applied crop protection products caused also sporadic changes in the contents of extract, organic acids, polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidative capacity of fruits of both strawberry varieties.
The objective of the work was to assess the effectiveness of biofungicides Bioczos S and Polyversum applied by soaking cuttings prior to planting to control Verticillium wilt in strawberry. Studies included two strawberry cultivars (Honeoye and Elvira) with different resistance to Verticillium wilt. An experiment was established in a Verticillium wilt infected field. Strawberry cv. Elvira was more resistant to Verticillium wilt than Honeoye. It was found that the preparations applied in the experiment did not provide sufficient protection of both strawberry cultivars tested against Verticillium wilt. For Honeoye all the fungicides, in particular Previcur 607 SL and Bioczos S supplemented with humic acids, assured better survival of mother plants compared with the control. This cultivar was also characterized by higher yields obtained following application of fungicide Previcur 607 SL. No impact of either preparation on the number of runner plants was found.
The overuse of chemical pesticides in agriculture has caused serious environmental problems and thus the demand for safer pesticides is increasing. One alternative is microbial pesticides that suppress plant pathogens via their microbial activities. As microbial pesticides are eco-friendly products, in this study we prepared four biological fungicides using two isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens that included a talc-based powder and bentonite-based powder as mineral carriers. Then we evaluated the efficacy of these products in controlling cotton seedlings, damping-off, a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani at four intervals of 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing the cotton seeds under greenhouse conditions. The results of greenhouse experiment on application of biofungicides showed that the efficacy of Bentonite-B1 treatment to control R. solani was promising as it increased the number of healthy seedlings 3.42 to 3.57 - fold and was much more effective than the carboxin/thiram fungicide in all stages.
The effectiveness of 7 fungicides (Amistar 250 SC, Bayleton 5 WP, Bumper 250 EC, Discus 500 WG, Folicur BT 225 EC, Folicur Multi 50 WG, Score 250 EC) and 2 bioproducts (Biochikol 020 PC and Biosept 33 SL) in the control of Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis was tested on pelargonium cv. Pulsar F1 Salmon. Additionally, their influence on plant growth, size of pustules, percentage of germinated spores and phytotoxicity were assessed. Plants were sprayed 4 times at weekly intervals. Among tested compounds the most effective in suppressing new uredia formation were Amistar 250 SC, Bayleton 5 WP, Biosept 33 SL, Bumper 250 EC, Folicur BT 225 EC and Score 250 EC. Furthermore, some fungicides inhibited germination of urediospores on PDA medium. Fourteen days after the last spraying more than 76% of germinating urediospores were found on control leaves. At the same time spores collected from plants protected with Amistar 250 SC, Bayleton 5 WP, Folicur BT 225 EC and Folicur Multi 50 WG germinated sporadically in 1.5 to 4.0%. In the next part of experiment, plants with visible sporulation of P. pelargonii-zonalis were sprayed with tested compounds. After 1, 7 and 14 days of incubation, total number of spores and number of germinating spores were counted. After 1 or 7 days, urediospores collected from untreated plants germinated in more than 80% whereas from plants sprayed with tested fungicides except Amistar 250 SC in 20-66.6%. Amistar 250 SC was the most effective in suppressing urediospore germination. All fungicides used in protection of young pelargonium plants, except Amistar 250 SC and Biochikol 020 PC, decreased plant growth. None of tested compounds showed phytotoxicity toward tested pelargonium cultivar.
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