Technological progress in the past few years has made it possible to apply techniques based on microarrays in the analyses of cancerogenesis. These techniques can be divided into several groups according to the scale of research: (1) gene expression analysis, (2) protein analysis, (3) tissue research. The gene expression analysis makes it possible to compare the levels of gene activity in cancer tissue with those in reference tissue, and to evaluate the progression of cancer and its reaction to treatment. The analysis of proteins provides information on their functional and structural characteristics, and throws light on the protein-ligand interaction and the relations between the presence or absence of certain proteins in specific physiological states. Tissue microarrays are applied to analyze cancer markers and to identify DNA, RNA and proteins. This article presents selected aspects of microarray research and discusses the molecular aspects of cancerogenesis in dogs, referring to several types of genes associated with cancers.
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