Amphiploids (2n = 6x = 42) of Ae. kotschyi and Ae. biuncialis with self-compatible S. cereale were produced from F₁ sterile hybrids (2n = 3x = 21) through colchicine treatment and callus tissue regeneration. The amphiploids resembled the F₁ plants in overall morphology, but were larger in all respects and self-fertile. The spikelets consisted mostly of 3 well-developed florets. Selfed seeds were obtained from some colchicine-doubled sectors and callus regenerates. Most of the produced seeds were well developed. Backcrosses between amphiploids and rye (2x and 4x) resulted in obtaining (Ae. biuncialis x S. cereale amphiploid) x S. cereale hybrids via embryo culture. The BC₁ plants (2n = 4x = 28 and 2n = 5x = 35, respectively) were phenotypically intermediate between the parents and vigorous in vegetative growth. Some seeds were obtained only from the 35-chromosome BC₁ hybrids.
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