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Grasshoppers and katydids (Orthoptera) were studied on sand dunes of the Hel Peninsula in northern Poland in 2013. Altogether, 11 species of grasshoppers and katydids were identified, three of them can be regarded as elements of the fauna characteristic for sand dunes. Species diversity and population density was higher in the seaside with sparse vegetation than in the neighboring pine forest. The reported low species richness is comparable to other peninsula covered by sand. Myrmeleotettix maculates was most abundant, particularly by the seaside with low shrubs and Tetrix bipuncata occurred frequently in each habitat, but especially on the forest gaps.
Management of derelict mines to improve subterranean bat habitat and minimise safety risks to the unsuspecting public is occurring more frequently. Many caves and mines around the world have had gates placed at mine and cave entrances as a means of maintaining bat habitat and preventing human access, but there have been few replicated experiments to test their effectiveness. We experimentally tested a staged installation of a template gate at two mines while monitoring another two un-gated derelict mines in southeastern Australia. We recorded changes in numbers, behaviour and the relative species abundance of two bat species (Rhinolophus megaphyllus and Miniopterus schreibersii) before and after the gates were installed. The template gate (20 mm diameter plastic tubing) was installed in three stages, with the initial horizontal bar spacing at 450 mm, followed by a spacing of 300 mm and a final spacing of 125 mm. Bat numbers and behaviour were largely unaffected by bar spacings of 450 mm and 300 mm. The major findings were that immediately after the installation of bars at the final spacing (125 mm gap), numbers of bats declined significantly and a significant increase in the number of aborted exit and entry flights was observed. Detectors proved to be inadequate at quantifying changes in the relative abundance of species. Eleven days after the final installation there were no significant differences between the numbers of bats leaving gated and control mines, suggesting bats had learnt to negotiate the bars after a short period of time. However, flight behaviour was still affected after habituation, especially baulking at the structure when bats attempted to re-enter before dawn. The low replication of mines in the experiment warrants caution in extrapolating this result. Until further gating experiments are carried-out, we recommend site specific monitoring whenever mines are gated.
Background. Fishes are important both economically and as indicators of environmental health. Questions on the health of aquatic habitats, on the potential effects of planned and accidental changes to the environment, and on the utility of adding sport and other fishes to a water body are best answered by an analysis which is known to be sensitive to changes. Materials and methods. As an initial test study I examined 107 fish species in and around the National Capital Region of Canada (50 km radius of the Peace Tower at the Parliament Buildings) in terms of 56 parameters. The parameters include life history characteristics such as size, lifespan, breeding season, egg numbers, and feeding, as well as zoogeographic origins, distribution, and risk status. Non-parametric tests and a logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results. A test case comparison of sport versus non-sport fishes confirmed the empirical observation that sport fishes are predominately large piscivores. Critical parameters for threatened versus non-threatened species included piscivory and egg production, for present versus absent species feeding habits and refugial origin, and for refugial origin parameters associated with spawning. Conclusion. The parameter database can be of potential use to determine which species are at risk and which parameters are critical, why certain species are absent, and what parameters characterize sport fishes. The analysis forms a preliminary basis for more detailed field studies which can then be directed to specific life history traits and environmental variables.
The analyses were based on commercial fisheries records of catches and stocking in lakes in northeastern Poland. The authors described the lake size structure in three categories of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), habitats determined by the frequency of occurrence of this species in commercial catches. In each of the five lake size classes, the moment pikeperch individuals appeared was pinpointed in light of stocking programs. Differences in the value of pikeperch exploitation parameters were determined in the three habitat types, and the level of variation was examined in stocked and unstocked lakes. Trend lines of pikeperch exploitation in the 1951-1994 period were plotted for these groups of lakes. The importance of pikeperch stocking for the occurrence of this species in new habitats declined as the size of the studied lakes increased.
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