On February 14 and 17, 2014, two cases of African swine fever (ASF) were diagnosed in Poland in dead wild boar, near the border with Belarus, about 900 meters and 2000 meters from the border, respectively. The carcasses were located about 15 km from each other. These cases of ASF were discovered as the result of active surveillance and monitoring along the Eastern border of Poland in the population of wild boar since 2011, in connection with the suspicion of ASF near Kaliningrad (Russia), and later the detection of ASF in Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania. During the mentioned action in Poland 16 771 wild boar and 2819 domestic swine were investigated using laboratory tests. All results obtained till February 14, 2014, were negative. Both mentioned positive cases of ASF were diagnosed using RT-PCR and one additionally using ELISA. In the first case bone marrow was investigated and genetic material of ASFV was identified. In the second case, spleen, kidney and lung were used with the same result. Using ELISA in the serum low level of antibodies specific for ASFV was demonstrated. During 58 days since the ASF diagnosis of the second wild boar, despite of intensive surveillance, monitoring and laboratory investigations, no increase of normally occurring number of diseased pigs or dead wild boar were found. During 5 days, after diagnosis of the two cases of ASF in wild boar specimens of blood taken from 623 domestic swine, from 118 farms located in the “infective zone”, close to the Eastern border of Poland, were investigated, using PCR and ELISA. All of them were negative. Simultaneously, decision was taken about active search for dead wild boar in the region with the radius of about 40 km, where the positive two wild boar were found. Specimens from 1033 wild boar were taken and investigated, using RT-PCR and ELISA. From the same region 2868 serum samples from domestic swine were also taken and tested with the mentioned methods. All the investigated samples were negative. Taking into account all the obtained results after finding of the second case of ASF in the wild boar, one can state that the two cases of ASF were not the source for additional cases or outbreaks of ASF in Poland. On the basis of the performed epidemiological analysis of all data and the evaluation of the epidemiological situation in the region, as the most possible source of ASFV for the two wild boar found in Poland should be taken the population of wild boar in Belarus.
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