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Amifostine is one of the cytoprotective drugs used during anticancer therapy. Amifostine as a thiol compound possesses antioxidant properties and protects only healthy cells against damage, mainly by scavenging reactivity oxygen species, competing with oxygen to prevent oxygen radical interactions with DNA, and promoting cell repair through hydrogen donation to reactive oxygen species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidative ability of amifostine in blood serum of rats exposed to cyclophosphamide during two weeks after drug administration. We show that amifostine only to a small degree prevents disorganisation of antioxidant systems of blood serum of rats caused by cyclophosphamide action. It is probably connected with low concentrations of amifostine active metabolites in the serum.
The purpose of the study was to draw upan experimental model of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) induced by dactinomycin (ACT) and to investigate the possible hepatoprotective effects of Ethyol (amifostine). Pathological changes corresponding to a VOD picture of varying intensification were found in the liver samples obtained from all the rats receiving ACT. Amifostine appears to act protectively to liver changes caused by dactinomycin.
The TEL/JAK2 chromosomal translocation (t(9;12)(p24;p13)) is associated with T cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The TEL/JAK2 fusion protein contains the JAK2 catalytic domain and the TEL-specific oligomerization domain. TEL-me­diated oligomerization of the TEL/JAK2 proteins results in the constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase activity. Leukemia cells expressing TEL/JAK2 tyrosine kinase become resistant to anti-neoplastic drugs. Amifostine is a pro-drug which can selec­tively protect normal tissues against the toxicity of anticancer drugs and radiation. We investigated the effects of amifostine on idarubicin-induced DNA damage and re­pair in murine pro-B lymphoid BaF3 cells and BaF3-TEL/JAK2-transformed cells us­ing alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Idarubicin induced DNA damage in both cell types but amifostine reduced its extent in control non-trans­formed BaF3 cells and enhanced it in TEL/JAK2-transformed cells. The transformed cells did not show measurable DNA repair after exposure to amifostine and idarubicin, but cells treated only with idarubicin were able to recover within a 60-min incubation. Because TEL/JAK2-transformed cells can be considered as model cells for certain human leukemias and lymphomas we anticipate an enhancement of idarubicin cytotoxicity by amifostine in these diseases. Moreover, TEL/JAK2 tyrosine kinase might be involved in cellular response to DNA damage. Amifostine could promote apoptosis or lower the threshold for apoptosis induction dependent on TEL/JAK2 activation.
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