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The aim of this research was to characterize somaclonal variation in populations derived from embryos cultured on two types of induction medium (supplemented with either 2,4-D or dicamba), as well as to select and characterize several somaclonal lines. The sexual progenies of 40 R0 regenerants - A somaclones (derived on the medium with 2,4-D) and B somaclones (derived on the medium with dicamba) - were analysed according to the following traits: plant height, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, spike compactness, number of normally developed grains per spike, weight of grains per spike, and the weight of 1000 grains. The results for twenty-two R1 plants surpassed the variability range for the control. The transmission of positive changes to the next generation was proved in the case of 8 originally chosen R1 plants: 7 plants selected from the A somaclones and one plant from the B somaclones. Five out of the eight created somaclonal lines proved to be stable somaclonal variants. The absolute rate of the efficiency of positive somaclonal changes was calculated as 0.64%.
In this study, the correlation coefficients among agro-morphological variation, genetic diversity, and drought tolerance in 44 rice cultivars were analyzed. The drought tolerance at seeding stage (DTS) was significantly proportional to drought tolerance at vegetative stage (DTV) (r = 0.60). In addition, DTS and DTV had strong significant positive correlation to leaf roll (r = 0.87 and 0.54, respectively). Means of unfilled grains and tilling per panicle were proportionally correlated to DTS (r = 0.22 and 0.25, respectively), and DTV (r = 0.20 and 0.36, respectively). However, weight of 1000 grains and filled grains were recorded no correlation to DTS and DTV. At a homologous coefficient of 16.85 integrated from cluster analysis of agro-morphological, quantitative characteristics and drought tolerant scores, the rice cultivars were divided into five groups. Maximum polymorphic information content (PIC) values were detected in three markers including RM11125, RM21, and RM5629, which were from 0.78 to 0.79. Cluster analysis of microsatellite markers revealed that by a genetic distance of 0.63, the rice varieties were separated into three clusters. The results provide valuable information for rice breeders to select donors in breeding rice integrated with drought tolerance and good agronomic characteristics.
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