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International experiences show that the working of agricultural extension is provided by many kinds of sources. It is usually the state that undertakes the greatest role, and that, in the majority of cases, can be as much as 100 per cent. In recent years, however, a process has star­ted up in Western-European countries that aim at reducing government participation and the privatisation of extension systems. In the Hungarian extension system, the direction of reform year by year is opposite to this. What extent can we reach by going towards the extension supported by the state? When do those factors emerge in Hungary that is present among the Western European Countries which run in the direction of privatisation? In this paper we examine the sources utilised by extension and the reasons of the privatisation process.
This study investigated the awareness of and demand for private agricultural extension services among smallscale farmers in Nigeria, using farmers in Oyo state as a case study. Specifically, the study examined the availability and operations of private agricultural extension services and factors that determine farmers’ willingness to pay for such services. The results showed that a considerable number of farmers are willing to pay for private agricultural extension services. The number of plots cultivated by the farmers was found to influence farmers’ willingness to pay for private agricultural extension services at one percent level of significance. Income, awareness, family size and total number of plots were identified as the major factors influencing the use of private agricultural extension services in the study area. The study recommended the need for the government to mobilize farm households to avail themselves of benefits of private extension services. Efforts should also be stepped up by all development stake-holders to provide additional sources of income for farm households, in order to raise their income and demand capabilities.
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The aim of this article is to present selected aspects of agricultural advisory services in Poland as one of the most important cells of knowledge transfer influencing the development of agriculture and rural areas. Based on the analysis of the available literature and existing legislative acts an attempt was made to discuss the changes that had occurred both in terms of the organization of agricultural extension in Poland, as well as in the substantive content dealt with by advisory services. Based on secondary sources the noticeable tendency of changes in the agricultural counselling system in Poland have also been defined. In this paper special attention has been paid to the need of creating such an agricultural extension system in which all the institutions and organizations forming it would have conditions to develop effective forms of cooperation aimed at the development of rural areas. Since agricultural extension centres are not able to perform all the tasks imposed on them there appears a chance for the new entities, e.g. private consulting firms.
The purpose of the study was to present the advisory opportunities in the process of linking research and the needs of farmers, with regard to innovative knowledge. In this process the advisory role was shown through the transfer of knowledge involving environmentally friendly practices from research and experiments conducted on demonstration farms. The research material were raw and existing data, gathered through appropriate questionnaires using the method of in-depth interviews and survey method. The descriptive case presents an example of good practice in agricultural extension and advisory services, operating within a created network of cooperation. The network approach is characterised by various formal and informal connections between network participants and the interactions among them. The linkages and interactions between the network participants concern conducting research, designing and implementing solutions and tools, providing advice, and the dissemination of knowledge and innovation. Demonstration farms represent the highest level of agricultural production and are the place of performance of seminars, lectures, demonstrations and shows in order to facilitate the transfer of knowledge from science to practice.
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