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1
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Hemodynamic and neuroendocrine predictors of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) intolerance in healthy young men

100%
Gasiorowska A., Nazar K., Mikulski T., Cybulski G., Niewiadomski W., Smorawinski J., Krzeminski K., Porta S., Kaciuba-Uscilko H.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2005
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tom 56
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nr 2
Exposure to LBNP results in body fluid shift to lower extremities similarly as under influence of orthostatic stress. In susceptible persons it leads to syncope. For better understanding why certain individuals are more susceptible to orthostatic challenges it seemed necessary to collect more data on hemodynamic and neuroendocrine adjustments occurring before onset of presyncopal symptoms Accordingly, in this study heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), hematocrit, plasma catecholamines, adrenomedullin, ACTH and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured in 24 healthy men during graded LBNP (-15, -30 and -50 mmHg). Thirteen subjects completed the test (HT group) whereas 11 had presyncope signs or symptoms at -30 mmHg or at the beginning of -50 mmHg (LT group). Comparison of these groups showed that LT subjects had lower baseline total peripheral resistance and higher plasma adrenomedullin. During LBNP plasma catecholamine and PRA increases were even greater in LT than in HT group while plasma adrenomedullin elevations were similar in both groups. Plasma ACTH increased only in LT group following presyncope symptoms. Low tolerant group showed more rapid decline of SV and CO than HT subjects from the beginning of LBNP. It is suggested that measurements of SV at the level of LBNP which did not evoke any adverse symptoms may be of predictive value for lower orthostatic tolerance.
2
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Plasma adrenomedullin response to maximal exercise in healthy subjects

72%
Krzeminski K., Mikulski T., Kruk B., Nazar K.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2003
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tom 54
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nr 2
The aim of the study was to find out whether maximal exercise performed by healthy young men influences plasma adrenomedullin concentration (ADM) and is the peptide level related to the cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal changes induced by exercise. Ten subjects (age 24 ± 1.0 yr) participated in the study. They performed graded bicycle ergometer exercise until exhaustion. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured throughout the test. Before and at the end of exercise venous blood samples were taken for [ADM], noradrenaline [NA], adrenaline [A], growth hormone [hGH], cortisol and lactate [LA] determination. Plasma [ADM] decreased during exercise from 1.71 ± 0.09 to 1.53 ± 0.10 pmol × l-1 (p< 0.01). This was accompanied by increases in plasma catecholamines and [hGH], while plasma cortisol level did not change. Positive correlation was found between the exercise-induced decreases in plasma ADM and diastolic BP. Blood [LA], systolic and mean BP at the end of exercise correlated negatively with plasma [ADM]. No significant interrelationships were found between plasma ADM, catecholamines or the other hormones measured. The present data suggests, that maximal exercise inhibits ADM secretion in young healthy men. Metabolic acidosis and a decrease in peripheral resistance might be involved in this effect.
3
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Effect of static handgrip on plasma adrenomedullin concentration in patients with heart failure and in healthy subjects

72%
Krzeminski K., Kruk B., Wojcik-Ziolkowska E., Kozera J., Cybulski G., Nazar K.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2002
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tom 53
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nr 2
Adrenomedullin (ADM) release is enhanced in pheochromocytoma, chronic heart failure (HF), hypertension and renal diseases. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that ADM secretion increases also in response to acute stimuli, such as static effort and to compare plasma ADM response to this stimulus in patients with chronic HF and healthy persons. Eight male HF patients (II/III class NYHA) and eight healthy subjects (C) performed two 3-min bouts of static handgrip at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, alternately with each hand without any break between the bouts. At the end of both exercise bouts and in 5 min of the recovery period, plasma ADM and catecholamines were determined. In addition, heart rate, blood pressure, and stroke volume (SV) were measured. The baseline plasma ADM and noradrenaline levels were higher, whilst plasma adrenaline and SV were lower in HF patients than in C group. The 1st exercise bout caused an increase in plasma ADM from 3.32 ± 0.57 to 4.98 ± 0.59 pmol l-1 (p<0.01) in C and from 6.88 ± 0.58 to 7.80 ± 0.43 pmol·l-1 (p<0.02) in HF patients. The 2nd exercise bout did not produce further elevation in plasma ADM and during recovery the hormone concentration declined to pre-exercise or lower values. There were no differences between groups in exercise-induced increases in plasma ADM. Plasma ADM correlated with SV (r = -0.419) and with noradrenaline concentrations (r = 0.427). It is concluded that static exercise causes the short-lasting increase in plasma ADM concentration which is similar in healthy subjects and in patients with mild heart failure.
4
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Effect of prolonged dynamic exercise on plasma adrenomedullin concentration in healthy young men

58%
Krzeminski K., Mikulski T., Nazar K.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2006
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tom 57
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nr 4
The aim of the study was to find out whether prolonged exercise influences plasma adrenomedullin (ADM) concentration and whether it is related to the hormonal, metabolic and cardiovascular changes. Eighteen healthy subjects (age 25±1 yrs) were submitted to cycle exercise for 90 min at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured continously. Before, at 30th min, and at the end of exercise venous blood samples were taken for [ADM], noradrenaline [NA], adrenaline [A], atrial natriuretic peptide [ANP], plasma renin activity PRA, interleukin-6 [IL-6] and lactate [LA] determination. Significant increases in plasma ADM and IL-6 were found at 90th min whereas other hormones were elevated already at 30th min of exercise. Positive correlations were ascertained between [ADM] and [NA] (r=0.47), [ANP] (r=0.35) or [IL-6] (r=0.35) and between exercise-induced increases in [ADM] and [NA] (r=0.38). PRA correlated positively with [NA] and [ANP]. Negative correlation was found between plasma [ADM] and diastolic BP. The present data suggest that increase in sympathetic nervous activity and cytokine induction during prolonged exercise may be involved in plasma ADM release and that increase in ADM and ANP secretion may be a compensatory mechanism against further elevation of blood pressure.
5
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Effect of 6-week endurance training on hemodynamic and neurohormonal responses to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in healthy young men

58%
Nazar K., Gasiorowska A., Mikulski T., Cybulski G., Niewiadomski W., Smorawinski J., Krzeminski K., Ziemba A. W., Dorsz A., Kaciuba-Uscilko H.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2006
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tom 57
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nr 2
Endurance training is considered as a factor impairing orthostatic tolerance although an improvement and lack of effect have been also reported. The mechanisms of the changes and their relation to initial tolerance of orthostasis are not clear. In the present study, effect of moderate running training on hemodynamic and neurohormonal changes during LBNP, a laboratory test simulating orthostasis, was investigated in subjects with high (HT) and low (LT) tolerance of LBNP. Twenty four male, healthy subjects were submitted to graded LBNP (-15, -30 and -50 mmHg) before and after training. During each test heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and blood pressure, plasma catecholamines, ACTH, adrenomedullin, atrial natriuretic peptide, and renin activity were determined. Basing on initial test, 13 subjects who withstood LBNP at -50 mmHg for 10 min were allocated into HT group and 11 subjects who earlier showed presyncopal symptoms to LT group. Training improved LBNP tolerance in six LT subjects. This was associated with attenuated rate of HR increase and SV decline (before training, at -30 mmHg DHR was 21 ± 4 beats/min and SV – -36± 8 ml while after training the respective values were 8 ± 4 beats/min and -11± 6 ml). No differences in hemodynamic response were found in HT subjects and those from LT group whose LBNP tolerance was unchanged. In neither group training affected neurohormonal changes except inhibition of plasma ACTH rise in subjects with improvement of LBNP tolerance. It is concluded that some subjects with low orthostatic tolerance may benefit from moderate training due to improvement of cardiac function regulation.
6
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Analysis of the effect of neuropeptides and cannabinoids in gastric mucosal defense initiated centrally in the rat

44%
Shujaa N., Zadori Z. S., Ronai A. Z., Barna I., Mergl Z., Mozes M. M., Gyires K.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2009
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tom 60
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nr 7
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