Приведены этапы усовершенствования, строение и принцип функционирования адаптированных рабочих органов транспортно-технологических систем корнеуборочной машины, которая предназначена для одновременного уборки корнеплодов сахарной, кормовой, столовой свеклы и моркови. На основе идентификации объектов исследование (существующих типов копачей и очистителей вороху корнеплодов) определено основные пути и принципы разработки, или алгоритм построения конструктивно-компоновочной схемы адаптированной корнеуборочной машины.
Human activity has led to severe bottlenecks in many wildlife species in the recent past. This usually increases the strength of genetic drift, leading to loss of genetic variation. Gene flow may however counteract the genetic consequences of small population size. Using 11 of 38 tested microsatellite loci and five moose populations in eastern Poland, we investigated the effects of two phenomena: bottlenecks that occurred in the nineteenth century and the first half of twentieth century, and admixture after moose populations expanded demographically and spatially in eastern Poland after the Second World War. The statistical tests indicated a recent bottleneck in all the studied samples with respect to H E and low Garza–Williamson index values. The Biebrza population, which consists of autochthonous moose representing a branch of the Central Europe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade and immigrants belonging to the Ural clade, is one of the most variable populations of this species. AMOVA, PCA, and STRUCTURE analyses all revealed significant population structuring, with most probable existence of K = 2 genetically distinct clusters that exhibited a relatively high level of admixture. Analysis of recent dispersal rates demonstrated that population from the Biebrza Valley may supply individuals to the other four studied moose populations. We also found female-biased sex ratio in nonharvested moose populations inhabiting eastern Poland.