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The results of two field experiments carried out on acid (pHKCl 4.2 - 4.3) sandy loam Dystric Podzoluvisol showed that the crops sensitive to soil acidity (winter wheat, fodder beets, spring barley and mixture of clover-timothy) were more productive on limed and fertilized soil. Crops less sensitive to acidity (winter ryes, potatoes, oats and mixture of lupine-oats) have the advantage on the acid and nonfertilized soil. The all-nutrient fertilizer application (NPK) increased the yield of crops sensitive to soil acidity on limed soil by 23.1 % and that of crops less sensitive to acidity by 18.0% in comparison to the yield of crops grown in acid soil. Therefore we can grow the crops less sensitive to acidity on the acid soil using optimum rates of cattle manure. The application of recommended rates of mineral fertilizers by growing crops sensitive to acidity on limed soil is more useful. The reaction of soil solution on liming soil must be higher than 5.5 pHKCl.
The growth parameters of the Vaccinium myrtillus shoots were studied on a vertical transect crossing localities “Muraň“ (1080–1110 m a.s.l., skeli-humic podzols, Fageta abietino-piceosa) and “Hliniky“ (950–960 m a.s.l, dystric cambisols, Abieti-Fageta inferiora) in the protected zone of the National park “Slovensky raj“ (Spiš region, East Slovakia). In the localities, both contaminated by air pollution research plots in undamaged and damaged (with lower stand density and canopy compactness) spruce ecosystems were established. The content of Al and Cr was significantly higher in cambisols, and that of Cd – in podzols. The limit values calculated for both soils have been exceeded only in case of mercury. The Al content in bilberry twigs exceeded the background values (by 44–76%) in case of the both plots situated on locality “Muraň”, and that of Ni and Pb concentrations (by 3–60%) only on damaged plot. The mean content of Ni and Pb was significantly higher in bilberry twigs growing on podzols and the mean content of Al was significantly higher in plants on undamaged plots. The mean length, weight as well as energy content of bilberry twigs were significantly higher in damaged spruce plots (on average by 33%), probably due to favourable light conditions.
Agroforest soil samples were collected at two depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) near the Glogow Copper Plant (Poland). Adsorption parameters and isotherms were obtained by fitting the data to the Freundlich equation. The KF values of soil samples from the depth 0-20 cm were lower (from 32.1 to 45.4 dm3/kg) than those calculated for the soils nr 6 and 7 i.e. 48.7 and 51.4 dm3/kg, respectively. The multiple regression analysis revealed that pH, clay content and additionally organic matter content influenced the most the magnitude of KF values. Buffering indices gave a best estimation of the adsorption isotherm than made on the basis of KF and n values only. The lack of high correlation coefficients between KF and soil properties as well as "total Pb" and the latter ones may be attributed first to the specificity of agroforest soils and second to their presumable anthropogenic origin.Keywords: agroforest soils, Pb sorption, Freundlich equation, buffering indices
The present studies were carried out on the basis of field experiment on the strongly acidic soil (pH 3.9). The following treatments were applied: liming, fertilization with manure and nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH₄)₂SO₄ and nitrate Ca(NO₃)₂ forms of nitrogen, as well as sulphate K₂SO₄ and chloride KCl potassium fertilizers. Liming (CaCO₃) eliminated the effect of aluminium mobilization by (NH₄)₂SO₄. Calcium nitrate Ca(NO₃)₂ and potassium salt KCl limited the content of aluminium strongly bound to the soil organic matter.
Coppicing is uncommon in Poland; however, some remnants of a previously coppiced oak forest persist in the foothills of the Sudety Mountains (southern Poland). Some of these forests are considered as a kind of thermophilous oak forest, classified as habitat 91I0 in the European programme Natura 2000. As an example of previously coppiced sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) forest in Poland, the vegetation and environmental factors in the “Wąwoz Lipa” reserve (area 101 ha, altitude ca. 400 m a.s.l.) were surveyed. Canonical correspondence analysis showed a basic compositional gradient of vegetation related to the content of coarse fragments in the soil, light availability and soil pH. The number of species per plot was not correlated with any particular environmental variable; in general, the plant species number and cover decreased in the most exposed sites, where the heat load was highest. We hypothesize that the higher number of species in some plots was the results of an edge effect: this occurred in transitional zones between the most exposed sites, which work as refuges for light-demanding, drought-tolerant species, and less exposed sites, with vegetation typical of acidophilous oak forests. The land relief also allowed the spread of species typical of mesophilous forests, which found refuge in the shaded, wet gorges. Thus, the specific land relief, along with previous coppice management, allowed the coexistence, probably temporally, of species of plants considered typical of different habitats.
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Ocena odczynu gleb Lubelszczyzny

58%
W badaniach środowiskowych przeprowadzonych na Lubelszczyźnie w latach 1999-2008 wykonano oznaczenie odczynu jako podstawowego wskaźnika żyzności gleby. Stwierdzono, że 52,1% gleb bardzo kwaśnych i kwaśnych, 22,8% lekko kwaśnych i 25,1% obojętnych i zasadowych. Na powierzchni 47,2% gleb wapnowanie jest konieczne i potrzebne, na 13,0% wskazane, a na 39,8% ograniczone i zbędne. W latach 1999-2004 wystąpiła tendencja do zmniejszenia procentowego udziału gleb bardzo kwaśnych i kwaśnych województwa lubelskiego; od 2004 roku obserwuje się ponowny wzrost powierzchni tych gleb. Nastąpił on w wyniku zmniejszenia się udziału gleb lekko kwaśnych, obojętnych i zasadowych. Do badań, przeprowadzonych w Okręgowej Stacji Chemiczno-Rolniczej w Lublinie, użyto 198477 próbek glebowych.
In pot experiment on very acid soil the effect of form and dose of potassium fertiliser on the cadmium absorption by oats (Avena sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) under conditions of elevated Cd content in soil was investigated. Potassium was applied in two doses as sulphate or chloride against the background of basic NPK treatment. It was found that cadmium uptake and its content in plant tissues was confined or intensified by potassium salts, what dependent on plant species and also K form and dose, probably due to influence on its soluble compounds content in the soil. K2S04intensified Cd accumulation in roots of both species and confined its translocation to aerial parts of maize (Fig 1). effect was greater after higher K dose application. Smaller or opposite effect was observed in case of oats, which showed similar Cd content in shoots when lower K dose in both form was applied, and lower Cd level after higher K dose application in sulphate form (Fig. 2). of Cd absorption from contaminated soil by sulphate may improve fodder quality of plant products.
High content of calcium compounds in soil limits cultivation possibilities of the majority of cultivars of rhododendron. In the research presented an attempt was made to determine the influence of a high level of calcium salts CaCl2, CaSO4, Ca(NO3)2 and CaCO3, pH and an increased level of auxins in a medium, on the development of microcuttings of R. ‘Catawbiense Grandiflorum'. On the basis of the results of the research it is justifiable to state that it was the anions of some salts used that had an adverse effect on the development of rhododendron cultures, not calcium cations. Significant differences were noted in the uptake of calcium, magnesium and sodium ions by the microcuttings depending on salts used in the media. The pH value of the medium higher than optimum significantly affected the degree of chlorosis of the microcuttings analyzed. Supplementing the media with additional auxin - IBA was stimulating for the plant growth especially in the medium containing CaCO3.
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