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The aim of the study was to investigate acid-base changes and to determine some serum biochemical parameters in dehydrated calves with diarrhoea according to the degree of dehydratation. Thirty diarrhoeic dehydrated calves submitted to treatment in the university clinic, were used in the study. The calves were accessed as suitable for this study, if they were moderately or severely dehydrated according to clinical symptoms. All sick calves had the usual yellow and watery diarrhoea. Calves with 4% to 8% dehydration (moderate) had a weak suckle reflex, dry mucous membranes, warm mouth and partly good muscular tone. Calves with 10% and above dehydration (severe) were unable to stand, and had no suckling reflex and cold mouth. The mean pH, base excess, chloride (only severely dehydrated group) and sodium were -significantly decreased in both moderately and severely dehydrated groups. On the other hand, potassium, phosphorus, HCO₃⁻ and anion gap levels were increased, compared to that of the control group. Results of this study showed that there was a relationship between the base excess and anion gap, with a degree of clinical dehydration. However, there may not be an exact correlation between the degree of dehydration and the severity of acidosis. Based on the clinical symptoms, the results of this study could be a useful tool under field conditions, in estimating the base excess in diarrhoeic dehydrated calves, when acidosis therapy is needed.
The acid-base equilibrium is closely linked to gas exchange in the lungs, and respiratory exchange ratios are used to evaluate respiratory effectiveness and tissue oxygen levels. Acid-base indicators are determined in both arterial and venous blood samples. This study compares the usefulness of acid-base indicators of venous and arterial blood in monitoring the condition of horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Prior to treatment involving bronchodilating glucocorticoids, expectorant and mucolytic drugs, more pronounced changes were observed in venous blood (pH 7.283, pCO2 61.92 mmHg, pO2 35.541 mmHg, HCO3 - 31.933 mmHg, BE 2.933 mmol/l, O2SAT 58.366%, ctCO2 38.333 mmol/l) than in arterial blood (pH 7.309, pCO2 53.478 mmHg, pO2 90.856 mmHg, HCO3 - 28.50 mmHg, BE 3.133 mmol/l, O2SAT 93.375%, ctCO2 31.652 mmol/l), indicating compensated respiratory acidosis. The improvement of respiratory efficiency minimized acidosis symptoms in both venous blood (pH 7.365, pCO2 43.55 mmHg, pO2 47.80 mmHg, HCO3 - 30.325 mmHg, BE 3.050 mmol/l, O2SAT 80.10%, ctCO2 29.80 mmol/l) and arterial blood (pH 7.375, pCO2 39.268 mmHg, pO2 98.476 mmHg, HCO3 - 26.651 mmHg, BE 4.956 mmol/l, O2SAT 98.475%, ctCO2 28.131 mmol/l). Venous blood parameters were marked by greater deviations from mean values, both before and after treatment. Acid-base indicators determined in venous blood are indicative of respiratory disturbances, but they do not support a comprehensive evaluation of gas exchange in the lungs.
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