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The content of selected trace metals (Cd, Cr, Hg, Ph, Zn) and their distribution in superficial water, bottom sediments and in muscular tissue of fishes (roach, perch, bream) and mollusks (taken from the Zemborzyce Reservoir) were examined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). A comparison of the trace elements content in investigated constituents of the Zemborzyce Reservoir was carried out. Superficial water contains micro-trace quantities of examined metals. Bottom sediments are characterized by a smaller content of Cd, Pb and Zn, in comparison to the previous data. Accumulation of Cd is very similar for all examined fishes. The highest level of Cr was found in roaches. Perches indicate best accumulation ability of Hg, Pb and Zn. Mollusks show excellent accumulation ability to all studied elements.
The concentration of Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn in water, sediments and fish samples from the man-made Zemborzyce Reservoir (Lublin, Poland) were examined in this study. The analytical procedures of metal determination were validated by application of certified reference materials. Moreover, concentration fac­tors for Cd, Pb and Zn in the muscular tissue of fish were estimated and discussed with respect to their content in superficial water. Obtained data suggest that freshwater fish accumulate investigated metals in the consequent order: Zn > Cd > Pb > Cr. It was confirmed that freshwater fish could be used as selective bioindicators of trace metals in freshwater reservoirs.
Bottom sediments of two small shallow dam reservoirs, the Zalew Zemborzycki (ZZ) on the Bystrzyca River near Lublin and Brody Iłżeckie (BI) on the Kamienna River, were investigated. The sediment samples from both water reservoirs were collected at 17 sampling sites in the transects perpendicular to the shoreline, at the river inflow and at the frontal dam. The contents of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were measured and the research results analyzed statistically. A relationship between TP concentration in sediments and TN, Fe, and Al levels was determined. The maps of spatial distribution of TN and TP were drawn. Sediments of the BI showed greater differentiation of TN and TP contents than sediments in the ZZ, which resulted from a sediment dredging operation performed in most of its area. The dredged part of the BI reservoir had many times lower levels of both TN and TP as compared to sediments in the undredged part. In the ZZ reservoir sediments, longitudinal zonation of TN spatial distribution was observed: the lowest content in the sediments in left-bank part of the reservoir, medium along the middle part, the highest in the right-bank area. In this water reservoir, the zone of the highest TP accumulation occurred in sediments of the upper part and at the frontal dam. It is likely to be caused by the high external loads of P from the Bystrzyca River and by its sedimentation process along with silt and clay particles, respectively. The TN and TP distribution in sediments in the BI was similar and displayed transverse zonation (parallel to the dam). Our research established a strong linear relationship between TP content and Fe and Al concentrations in BI sediments. It implies that a high level of Fe and Al in sediments of this reservoir contributed to the TP accumulation there.
Long-lasting cyanobacterial blooms were observed over summer periods 2001–2003 in the highly eutrophic dam reservoir (Zemborzycki Reservoir near Lublin, SE Poland) loaded with nitrogen and phosphorus by the river Bystrzyca. Chlorophyll a content and water transparence reached in summer periods 2002–2003 average values 115–129 µg l⁻¹ and 0.5 m, respectively. The blooms consisted of eight taxa of Cyanobacteria occurring in different proportions: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Anabaena circinalis, Anabaena spiroides, Anabaena flos-aquae, Planktothrix agardhii, Microcystis aeruginosa, Microcystis viridis, Microcystis wesenbergii. At decreased average water temperature and increased concentration of dissolved ammonium-nitrogen in summer 2003, compared with two earlier years, a replacement of dominant Aph. flos-aquae to P. agardhii was observed. The total abundance of potential microcystin producers was positively correlated with the content of these hepatotoxins in the reservoir water. First time in Poland, mass occurrence of Anabaena strains producing anatoxin-a was observed. Anatoxin-a concentration in the reservoir water was positively correlated with total abundance of 3 taxa of Anabaena. It was no such correlation with Aph. flos-aquae.
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