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Water Use Efficiency and photosynthetic rate of Fallopia aubertii (L. Henry) Holub., Hedera helix L. and Vitis riparia Michx. grown in various exposures in two site variants: Warsaw city centre vs. suburbs wereanalysed. All studied climbers showed similar photosynthetic intensity in both sites. The strongest effect of the exposition was found for F. aubertii, followed by V. riparia, and shade tolerant H. helix. WUE of studied climbers was relatively low, higher in suburbs than in the centre, due to lower adaptation to different sites. TheWUE of the climbers depended on exposure and the highest scores were obtained for sunny southern and western walls, while the lowest in northern ones. Intrinsic water use efficiency of the studied climbers was higher in the city centre than in the suburbs.
We studied the alterations in phenolic compounds in grape seeds during their stratification and germination under optimal conditions (+25 °C) and at low temperature (+10 °C). Biological materials in the study were seeds of Vitis riparia. Phenolic compounds were extracted from defatted seeds using 80 % methanol or 80 % acetone. The content of total phenolics was determined with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, while the content of tannins was determined by vanillin assay and the protein (BSA) precipitation method. The RP - HPLC method was used to determine phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, catechins) in the extracts. High amounts of tannins, catechins, gallic acid and lesser amounts of p-coumaric acid were found in the seeds. The content of total phenolics in acetone extracts was higher than that obtained using methanol. The amounts of phenolic acids and tannins found in V. riparia seeds after stratification were much lower. It may confirm a possible role of these compounds in dormancy of V. riparia seeds. After 72 h of low temperature treatment, inhibition of grape root growth and biochemical changes in seeds were detected. The chilling stimulated increased accumulation of some phenolic compounds (free gallic acid and catechins) in the seeds. These substances can protect plants against some abiotic stressors.
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