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According to the received data Trichinella nelsoni and T. nativa occupied different areas. T. nelsoni was localized in Africa and Mediterranean subregion of Palearctics, T. nativa occupied the continental territory of Eurasia and Neoarctics. Their distribution was limited by the threshold action of certain gradation of low temperatures. The joints of the species borders passed along the isotherm line of -5 - -6° of January, where they made sympatric populations. Outside of this border these species were registered as allopatric populations.
Albendazole (Smith Kline, Beecham) in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was given to B6C3F₁ mice exposed to 300 larvae of T. pseudospiralis or T. spiralis. The drug was introduced on days 2, 3 and 4; or 4, 5 and 6; or 18, 19 and 20 after infection. It limited the intensity of intestinal and muscle phases of trichinellosis. Given at the stage of maturation of adult forms and production of new-born larvae, the drug caused almost total elimination of both species from the intestines of mice and a decrease in the numbers of muscle larvae, with a tendency towards a greater reduction of larvae and adults of T. pseudospiralis. The drug did not change the course of infection when given at the phase of infectiveness of larvae.
The authors tried to determine the role of TH lymphocytes in the course of muscular trichinellosis in mice. The investigations were carried out on the CFW mice infected with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae and treated with Cyclosporine A to suppresse TH1 lymphocytes. In animals treated with the drug more numerous cells inside the larval capsules and more numerous granulomas compared to control were seen. At the same time the mean number of larvae was lower (69,2%) than in control. The results show that TH1 lymphocytes do not play the significant role in the destruction of muscular larvae. This is the first conclusion and requires of course futher investigations.
The influence of Nalcrom (sodium cromoglycate) on the cource of the intestinal phase of trichinellosis in mice was investigated. The animals infected with 200 Trichinella spiralis larvae were treated with Nalcrom between 7-20 or 3-20 days after infection (d.a.i.). The drug was administered in two doses: 0,6 or 1, 7 mg/mouse/day. In the all groups of animals received Nalcrom higher number of mast cells and eosinophilis than in the control groups was observed. These results are the opposite of those obtained with Nalcrom in ulcerative colitis in man.
Mice CFW were infected per os with Trichinella pseudospiralis (150 larvae/mice). The mice were divided in two groups: nonstimulated and stimulated intraperitoneally with PHA-P at dose 10 mg/kg body weight. The animals were killed 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 150 day post infection (d.p.i.). Spleen et mesenteric lymph nodes were examinated histopathologicaly (Hematoksylin-Eosin) and histochemicaly (nonspecific esterase reaction) for differentiation of T lymphocytes. The obtained results reveal that T. pseudospiralis infection caused weak mobilisation of mouse lymphatic system lasting only to 70 day of experiment. In the lymphatic organs of infected mice small number of T lymphocytes were observed mostly between 28 and 56 d.p.i. The intraperitoneally stimulation with PHA-P give rise to caused oniy little mobilisation of lymphatic tissue and small increase of T lymphocytes number. The obtained results were compared with analogic earlier experiments wih t T. spiral is infection.
At the first experiment 20 Swiss male mice were infected with 100 larvae and 20 mice with 500 larvae T. spiralis per mouse. Two days after infection (d.a.i.) mice orally received 1,5 mg Cd (water solution CdCl₂) each. 40 mice were infected only T. spiralis as conrol. At the second experiment muscle larvae used were isolated from mice (from the first experiment) which received Cd. 20 mice were infected with 100 larvae and 20 - with 500 larvae per mouse. Two d.a.i. mice received 1,5 mg Cd. Mice fom both experiments were killed at 5, 10, 20 and 42 d.a.i. Total number of adult T. spiralis worms present in the small intestine and muscle larvae were recovered by conventional technique. Results of the first experiment: the number of adult worms and muscle larvae recovered from mice received Cd. were statistically significant lower as in control. Results of the second experiment the mean number of adult worms in experimental group and in control were the same but the mean number of larvae per gram of mice muscle were significant higher as in control.
B6C3F₁ mice were infected with 200 or 500 larvae of Trichinella spiralis per mouse and pulmonary NK cell-mediated clearance of semisyngeneic tumour cells was determined in vivo on days 10, 20, 30, and 60 after the infection. Cytotoxic activity of NK cells in the lungs was substantially elevated on days 20 and 30 after challenge with both „doses" of the parasite. At the same time large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) as well as cells expressing surface asialo-GM₁ molecules were isolated in elevated numbers from spleens of the infected as opposed to the normal mice. Expression of other markers of differentiation, such as THy 1, CD4, and CD8 was also enhanced on splenocytes isolated from the infected mice on day 30 but not 20 after administration of the larvae. The present results indicate that NK cell-mediated activity in vivo is stimulated above the baseline level during migration and early muscle phases of the infection with T. spiralis in mice. The possible impact of this effect upon the course of trichinellosis as well as upon the growth of tumours in the infected host is discussed.
Morphometric investigations (using the convergence analysis method) of geometric parameters of nuclei and nucleoli of transformed muscle cells were carried in mice 15 days, 30 days and 6 month after infection with T. spiralis larvae. The analysis showed the largest increase of investigated the parameters of 15th day after the infection. The results of morphometric analysis are in agreement with the morphologic, ultrastructural and histochemical observations (published in I and II part) as for as functional changes of muscle cells in various stages of trichinellosis are concerned.
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