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The aim of this study was to undertake a preliminary assessment of the groundwater quality of the West Thrace region. Forty groundwater samples collected from Edirne (Site 1) and Canakkale (Site 2) were assessed for their suitability for human consumption. Eight water samples (20%) had heterotropic plate counts exceeding the EU and Turkish Water Directive limit of 20 cfu/ml in drinking water and the maximum number of bacteria recorded as 44 cfu/ml. Total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, E. coli, Enterococcus spp., Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected in 25%, 17.5%, 15%, 47.5%, 15%, 27.5% and 15% of the groundwater samples, respectively. Eleven (27.5%) samples exceeded the EU Water Directive value of 50 mg/l for nitrate, but 13 (32.5%) samples violated the Turkish standard of 45 mg/l nitrate in drinking water. pH values of all samples were between 5.5-8.5 limits. Conductivity of all samples were below Turkish and EU Water Directive levels. Five samples (12.5%) exceeded the Turkish Water Directive for total dissolved solids (TDS) in water.
Collecting over the last twenty years in sand and gravel quarries near Yulafli in European Turkey has yielded a substantial fauna of large mammals. The most significant of these for biochronology are well−preserved remains of the ursid Indarctos arctoides, the suid Hippopotamodon antiquus, and several rhino genera. They point to a late Vallesian (MN 10−equivalent) age. Several other taxa, of longer chronological range, are in good agreement with this dating. The Proboscidea include, besides the Eastern Mediterranean Choerolophodon, the Deinotherium + Tetralophodon association, commonly found in Europe, and the rare “Mastodon” grandincisivus, here reported for the first time in the Vallesian. The age of Yulafli shows that the large size of some taxa, such as Deinotherium (size close to that of D. gigantissimum) and Dorcatherium, does not always track chronology. The Yulafli fauna is close in composition and ecology to other localities in Turkish Thrace, and also shares several taxa unknown in Anatolia, especially Dorcatherium, with the North−Western European Province. It reflects a forested/humid landscape that extended in Vallesian times along the Aegean coast of Turkey, perhaps as far South as Crete, quite distinct from the open environments recorded at the same period in Greek Macedonia and Anatolia, and probably more like the central European one. Together with the establishment of a Tethys–Paratethys marine connection, this “Eastern Aegean Province” likely acted as an ecological barrier that hindered East−West migrations of open−country large mammals, such as bovids or long−limbed giraffes, and might have contributed to the differentiation of Ouranopithecus and Ankarapithecus.
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