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Proliferation and apoptosis in the rabbit ovary after administration of T-2 toxin and quercetin

100%

Lesniak-Walentyn A., Kolesarova A., Medvedova M., Maruniakova N., Capcarova M., Kalafova A., Hrabia A., Sirotkin A. V.

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences

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2013

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tom 22

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nr 3

T-2 mycotoxin, a natural contaminant of cereals and agricultural products, is known to exhibit the severest toxicity and the lowest LD50 value among trichothecenes. Since quercetin has been reported to have strong antioxidant properties, the effect of quercetin and T-2 toxin on rabbit ovarian cell proliferation and apoptosis was assessed. In the ovaries, proliferating cells were analysed immunocytochemically (proliferating cell nuclear antigen as a marker) and apoptotic cells by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphates (dUTP) nick endlabeling (TUNEL) method. It was found that: 1. a single dose of T-2 toxin (0.08 mg · kg−1 body weight (BW) 72 h before slaughter) decreased cell proliferation, 2. chronic exposure to quercetin (1 mg · kg−1 BW; 90 days, 3 times per week) results in increased cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis, 3. quercetin has the potential to attenuate T-2 toxin-induced proliferation arrest. To clarify the mechanism of T-2 toxin and quercetin action in the rabbit ovary, further experiments are necessary.

2

Characteristics of selected features of brewing yeasts in environments containing T-2 toxin

100%

Foszczynska B., Dziuba E., Kawa-Rygielska J., Chmielewska J., Wojtatowicz M.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Biotechnology

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2006

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tom 09

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nr 1

The influence of various concentrations of T-2 toxin on the growth ability and fermentation activity of brewing yeasts was examined. Four cultures of top and bottom fermenting yeast strains were maintained in YEPG medium containing T-2 toxin at the concentration of 2,5; 5; 10; 15; 20 i 50 μg·ml-1. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and biomass yield were determined. Concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 μg T-2·ml-1 were selected for the fermentation of malt wort. During top (20-22°C) and bottom fermentation (12-14°C), the following were examined: physiological condition of yeasts, fermentation dynamics and the degree of utilisation of amino acid nitrogen and the extract. It was observed that the presence of T-2 toxin in the medium resulted in lowered specific growth rate and biomass yield. T-2 toxin had an unfavourable influence on the physiological condition of yeasts and disrupted the mechanism of the intake of extract components, including amino acid nitrogen, which affected the dynamics of fermentation. Top fermenting yeasts, esp. S. cervisiae 46 strain, were more susceptible to T-2 toxin than bottom fermenting yeasts.

3

Effects of agricultural biocides on T-2 toxin production by Fusarium sporotrichioides

100%

Frank J. M., Moss M. O.

Hodowla Roślin, Aklimatyzacja i Nasiennictwo

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1993

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tom 37

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nr 1-2

4

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Badania monitoringowe w zakresie oznaczania poziomu toksyn T-2 i HT-2 w przetworach zbozowych

67%

Postupolski J., Rybinska K., Ledzion E., Kurpinska-Jaworska J., Szczesna M., Karlowski K.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2008

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tom 59

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nr 4

429-435

W celu realizacji krajowego planu monitoringu żywności opracowano, zwalidowano i akredytowano metodę oznaczania toksyn T-2 i HT-2 w produktach zbożowych. Do analizy toksyn zastosowano metodę pojedynczej ekstrakcji i oznaczania techniką HPLC/MS-MS ESI+. Prametry skuteczności metody (odzysk, precyzja i niepewność wyniku) są zgodne z kryteriami podanymi w Rozporządzeniu Komisji (WE) nr 401/2006. Granica wykrywalności metody dla toksyny T-2 wynosi 3 µg/kg, a dla toksyny HT-2 4 µg/kg. Próbki do badań były pobierane przez stacje sanitarno - epidemiologiczne z terenu całego kraju. Oznaczenia wykonano w 107 próbkach przetworów zbożowych, otrzymanych głównie z owsa. Toksyny T-2 i HT-2 stwierdzono w 43 % próbek, średni poziom zanieczyszczenia w próbkach produktów pochodzących z owsa wynosił 22,5 µg/kg (najwyższy- 109 µg/kg w płatkach owsianych), w pozostałych (płatki pszenne i jęczmienne, kasze, mąka) 7,0 µg/kg. Uzyskane dane wskazują, że wartości tolerowanego dziennego pobrania (TDI) dla toksyn T-2 i HT-2 nie są przekroczone.

5

Histological estimation of the small intestine wall after administration of feed containing deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin and zearalenone in the pig

67%

Obremski K., Zielonka L., Gajecka M., Jakimiuk E., Bakula T., Baranowski M., Gajecki M.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2008

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tom 11

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nr 4

339-345

Fusarium spp. moulds are common in moderate climate regions of North America, Asia and Europe. They produce hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic mycotoxins, acting like estrogens, impairing heniopoesis and immunosuppressing. Actively dividing skin cells, lymphatic tissue, haemopoetic tissue and gastrointestinal tissue are the most sensitive for these trichothecenes action. The mucosal membrane of the gastrointestinal tract is the first barrier of the organism contacting with foreign antigens like feed proteins, natural toxins, saprophytic and pathogenic microflora and mycotoxins. The aim of this study was to perform histological estimation of the porcine small intestine after short term intoxication with low doses of deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and zearalenone (ZEA) obtained from wheat naturally contaminated with Fusarium moulds. Experimental pigs (n=5) were fed for 14 days feed containing DON, T-2 and ZEA (28.9, 11.5 and 33.2 μg kg-1 of feed). On the last day of the experiment, the animals were euthanised and samples of the jejunum were collected for histological examination. In the experimental pigs, normally developed intestinal villi and crypts were found. However, number of acidophilic granulocytes in the mucous membrane and decreased numbers of goblet cells, increased numbers of endothelial lymphocytes and numerous plasma cells in intestinal epithelium was observed. On the surface of the intestinal epithelium the glycocalyx was poorly developed. The results obtained suggest that short term intoxication with low doses of DON, T-2 and ZEA does not cause significant changes in the histological structure of the small intestine in the pig. However, low concentrations of DON. T-2 and ZEA probably influence enterocytes metabolism and evoke inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine.

6

Evaluation of selected indicators of immune response (IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, SAA and HP) in pigs fed diets containing deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone

67%

Zielonka L., Zwierzchowski W., Obremski K., Gajecka M., Jakimiuk E., Gajecki M.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2010

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tom 54

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nr 4

The objective of this study was to examine the clinical significance of selected indicators of immune response (IL-lß, 1L-4, IL-6. SAA, and Hp) in short-term combined intoxication exposure of pigs to low doses of deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone present in naturally contaminated feedstuffs during grain growth. Statistically significant differences were not noted after 14 d of feeding diets contaminated with the above mycotoxins. The mycotoxins did not induce inflammatory processes. The subclinical form of combined mycotoxicosis could be due to incorrect immunological response. The identification of the underlying cause would support the development of new methods for the prevention of combined mycotoxicosis.

7

Comparison of mycotoxin contamination of winter rye and triticale cultivars

67%

Solarska E., Kuzdralinski A., Potocka E.

Phytopathologia

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2012

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tom 63

The content of mycotoxins in grain of winter rye and triticale cultivars grown in conventional system of production was estimated. From among 13 examined triticale cultivars deoxynivalenol (DON) was identified in four samples, but the toxin content in two cultivars was high. From among 23 examined rye cultivars DON was identified in eight samples, but the toxin content in three cultivars was very high. T-2 toxin was identified in five samples of rye and four samples of triticale but the toxin content in two triticale cultivars was very high. Due to high content of tested mycotoxins in some cultivars, average content of DON was higher in rye cultivars and average content of T-2 was higher in triticale cultivars, however the differences were not statistically significant. The aflatoxins and ochratoxin A were not found in winter rye and triticale grain. A large number of the cultivars of two tested cereal species was free from any of the mycotoxin tested.

8

Stan fizjologiczny drozdzy piwowarskich w czasie fermentacji brzeczek skazonych mykotoksynami. Cz.1: T-2 i ZEA

59%

Foszczynska B., Dziuba E.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Biotechnologia

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2007

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tom 06

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nr 1

3-12

Ograniczanie wyników

Proliferation and apoptosis in the rabbit ovary after administration of T-2 toxin and quercetin

Characteristics of selected features of brewing yeasts in environments containing T-2 toxin

Effects of agricultural biocides on T-2 toxin production by Fusarium sporotrichioides

Badania monitoringowe w zakresie oznaczania poziomu toksyn T-2 i HT-2 w przetworach zbozowych

Histological estimation of the small intestine wall after administration of feed containing deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin and zearalenone in the pig

Evaluation of selected indicators of immune response (IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, SAA and HP) in pigs fed diets containing deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone

Comparison of mycotoxin contamination of winter rye and triticale cultivars

Stan fizjologiczny drozdzy piwowarskich w czasie fermentacji brzeczek skazonych mykotoksynami. Cz.1: T-2 i ZEA