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Growth, yielding, leiocaroposide content in goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea L. ssp. virgaurea) herb depending on different NPK fertilisation level were analysed and compared in the study. Every year, before the beginning of plants vegetation the following compounds were applied, respectively: nitrogen fertilisation - in form of ammonium nitrate 34% N (N1 - 0.046 g N per pot, N2 - 0.093 g N per pot, N3 - 0.139 g N per pot), phosphorous in a form of single superfosphate 7.9% P (PI - 0.213 g P per pot, P2 - 0.428 g P per pot, P3 - 0.854 g P per pot) and potassium - in a form of potassium salt 48.1% K (Kl - 0.169 g K2 per pot, K2 - 0.337 g K per pot, l<3 - 0.675 g K per pot) according to experiment design in three levels and different combinations (16) of elements mentioned above. Mineral fertilization is the factor which significantly affected appearance and all golden- rod features under study. Fertilization with use of all macroelements (N, P, K) (especially in double or triple doses) led to the highest level of yields of raw material. Phosphorous played an important role in goldenrod plant proper growth as well as active substances accumulation while nitrogen application took place in aboveground parts of yield.
In four-year-lasting field experiment yielding and chemical composition of goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea L. ssp. virgaurea) herb depending on different methods of plantation establishment and natural growth regulator Atonik application were analysed. In the experiment different methods of goldenrod plantation establishment were compared: A. direct spring diaspores sowing, B. spring planting of seedlings, C. direct autumn diaspores sowing, D. autumn planting of seedlings as well as spraying with 0.1% solution of Atonik twice a year. Diaspores were sown directly onto the field in rows 40 cm apart, whereas seedlings were produced in multicell trays in plastic tunnel throughout 5 weeks and then transplanted onto the field in 40 cm × 15 cm raw spacing. Raw material was harvested every year at the beginning of blooming stage and after that chemical analyses comprised leiocarposide content (by HPLC method) were done. The highest yields of raw material were obtained in the second and third years of cultivation, while in the fourth year a considerable yields decrease was observed, indicating that goldenrod plantation should last two or three years. Higher raw material yields characterized by higher leiocarposide content were collected from the plots with spring seedlings transplanting or autumn diasporas sowing, thus these methods of plantation establishment should be recommended on commercial plantations of goldenrod. Additionally, plants should be sprayed with 0.1% Atonik in order to increase raw material yields.
In a field experiment, the growth and yielding of goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea L. ssp. virgaurea) and leiocaroposide content in herb depending on different NPK fertilization level and soil type were analysed. Mineral fertilization level was the factor that significantly affected yielding and parameters of goldenrod growth. Along with NPK level increase a tendency to increase number of stems, their height and inflorescences length as well as a significant increase of goldenrod raw material yields and at the same time decrease of leiocarposide content was observed. Increasing mineral fertilization doses were especially effective on poor in nutrients slightly loamy sand. Significantly higher raw material yields, but characterized by lower leiocarposide content were collected on rich in nutrients heavy loamy sand.
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