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The DNA relative content in nuclei from several Solanum species, which were used as partners for somatic hybridization, were determined using a flow cytometry method. The nuclei were isolated mechanically or via protoplasts from leaves of in vitro grown plants. In the case of S. nigrum as well as S. tuberosum cv. Bzura and dihaploid clone H8105, the nuclei were also obtained from suspension cultured cells by lysis of protoplasts. The source and the method of nuclei isolation affected the pattern of nuclear DNA in the genotypes studied. The mesophyll nuclei showed two distinct peaks on the DNA histograms, whereas the DNA peaks produced by cell suspension nuclei were broad and less distinct. The DNA content in the nuclei, calculated from the DNA histograms of the samples and a DNA standard historgam (Trout Red Blood Cells, having DNA content of 5.05 pg per nucleus), were much lower in mesophyll nuclei than in those obtained from the cell suspension for the same genotypes. The results are discussed in respect of the genetic instability of Solanum genotypes. The usefulness of a flow cytometry approach in somatic hybridization research is also discussed.
Several species of Solanum produce secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity. In the present study, the inhibitory activity of Solanum chrysotrichum, S. erianthum, S. torvum and S. rostratum against phytopathogenic Curvularia lunata was determined. Methanol extracts from roots, stems, leaves and fruits were evaluated by the method of mycelial inhibition on agar and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined on a liquid medium. To increase the antimicrobial activity, the combined activity of the most active extracts for each phytopathogen was also determined (a combination of intra and interspecies extracts). The results showed that 12 of the 16 methanolic extracts of Solanum species had antifungal effects against C. lunata. The extracts of S. rostratum and S. erianthum developed the highest activity (~80% inhibition and 28.4 MIC μg . ml–1), even, equal to or greater than, the reference fungicide. The mixture of the active extracts of S. chrysotrichum and S. torvum increased their activity. Various extracts affected the macro and microscopic morphology and most of them reduced the number of conidia of the fungus. This resulted in the capacity to control the vegetative growth and reproduction of C. lunata, the causal fungus of corn leaf spot disease.
The scope of genetic variation in concentrations of minerals in potato tubers and effects of mineral fertilizers application, pesticides, growth regulators on the mineral content and the relationships of these elements in potato tubers, was analyzed. The study discussed the phenotypic variation range determined by genetic and environmental variability. The hypothesis presupposes that increased yields generated either by the application of mineral fertilizers and/or the use of cultivars with higher fertility may lead to a reduction in the concentration of minerals in potato tubers, was verified in the study.
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