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The main purpose of the paper was to identify day-and-night variations of the selected physico-chemical water characteristics (discharge, electrical conductivity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen) of a small urban river that had been heavily transformed by human activity (Sokołówka river catchment with the area of 7.71 km²). The data came from measurements conducted in the period between 4 October 2011 and 3 October 2012, using the YSI 6920 V2 (multi-parameter probe) and ISCO 2050 (automatic current meter), in 15- and 10-minute intervals, respectively. The research has proven the existence of rhythms of diurnal and seasonal variability to the selected water characteristics. The variability of the hourly values of the tested characteristics in particular days depends to a large extent on the value of the analysed feature itself. The variability coefficients of discharge and conductivity increase with the increase in the values thereof. For dissolved oxygen, pH, and water temperature, the variability coefficients decrease with the increase in the values thereof. In the case of water pH, its conductivity, and temperature, the correlations between the given feature and its variability observed at different times of day are not linear, but they run along loops of varying curvature. The average day-and-night variability of the Sokołówka river’s SEC and pH was significantly changed as a result of human impact. The maximum readings of the conductivity and the pH shifted to the morning hours, with no change to the minimum readings.
Intensified human impact in urban catchments is reflected through degradation of hydrological cycles and acceleration of matter, energy and pollutants flows. In this study the comparative analysis of occurrence, concentrations and transfer of twelve dioxin-like PCBs in the bottom sediment collected from five cascade reservoirs located on the Sokołowka River (in the northwestern part of the city of Łodź, central Poland) were determined using isotopically labelled internal standards and HRGC/HRMS. The total concentration of analyzed PCBs ranged from 79.75 to 3,741.34 ng/kg d.w. with maximum concentrations in the last two reservoirs (3,741.34 and 2,594.36 ng/kg d.w., respectively). Reservoirs situated at the beginning of the cascade system showed concentrations several times lower: 694.32 in the first, 292.15 in the second and 79.75 ng/kg d.w. In the third reservoir. The obtained data showed moderate or strong correlations between PCB concentration in sediments and environmental conditions of the water column: pH (-0.81), conductivity (0.94), mineral suspended solids (0.82), total and organic suspended solids (0.61), total phosphorus (-0.83) and total nitrogen (0.67). Furthermore, these parameters could have played an indirect role in PCB reduction through the stimulation of phytoplankton production. This in consequence might have influenced PCB pathways in reservoirs through changes in their sedimentation, transport and degradation processes as significant relations between PCBs and chlorophyll a content was found (0.64).
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