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The aim of the present study was to describe the distribution of xerothermic species of vascular plants in the lower San River valley and the relationship between their density and the intensity of selected environmental (natural and anthropogenic) factors. Xerothermic species occurred more frequently in the present valley floor compared to the glacial terrace. Within the present valley, the highest density was observed in the floodplain. The examined species also occurred more often on steep slopes of the valley, at the margins of the present valley terraces, and in the area of occurrence of aeolian sands. Moreover, a positive correlation has been found between the number of xerothermic species and the area of polyhemeroby ecosystems. The distribution of xero- and thermophilous species is determined by natural edaphic and geomorphological factors as well as anthropogenic ones (land use, lowering of the groundwater level as a result of river regulation).
The paper presents spatial variation in floristic indices in the mediumsize valley of the San River. Indices of species richness and synanthropization rates were calculated for 366 1 x 1 km cartogram squares. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationships between individual indices. Species richness in individual basic plots ranges from 102 to 391, with a mean of 248. The share of anthropophytes ranges from 0.9% to 35.5% , with a mean of 18.1%. In general, the flora of the present valley floor is characterized by a higher species richness and a higher anthropophytization rate than glacial terrace. There was a positive correlation between species richness and the number of anthropophytes present, but no correlation between species richness and the anthropophytization rate. In individual basic plots, their values can be very divergent.
Studies were carried out at 36 localities in Pogórze Przemyskie (the Przemyśl Foothills) and adjacent areas along the San River (SE Poland) in the years 2004-2007. 54 species of dragonflies (74% of the Polish dragonfly fauna) were recorded, among them: a) Nehalennia speciosa in a highly isolated population, currently situated at the southern border of the species distribution, b) Crocothemis erythraea at 5 localities, autochthonous at least at two of them, abundant at one site, and with a probable second generation, c) Cordulegaster bidentata, widespread at many localities, d) Leucorrhinia albifrons and L. caudalis at the southern border of their distribution, the latter species being extremely rare at these latitudes, e) L. pectoralis, rare in southern Poland, f) several thermophilous species as e.g. Aeshna affinis, Orthetrum brunneum, Orthetrum albistylum, Sympetrum meridionale. The species composition of the odonate fauna and the occurrence of some species are commented on and discussed with reference to the geographical position of the area and the habitat spectrum. Conservation aspects are presented and assessed and some conservation measures are proposed.
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