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Flavonoids intake among Polish and Spanish students

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Background. Flavonoids are a group of bioactive compounds that are extensively found in foodstuffs of plant origin. Their regular consumption plays an important role in the prevention of degenerative diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Objective. The purpose of the study was to estimate dietary flavonoid intake among Polish and Spanish students and to establish the main dietary sources of flavonoids. Material and Methods. This study included 91 Polish and 60 Spanish students. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The dietary USDA Database for the flavonoid content of selected foods was used to calculate daily and weekly flavonoid intakes by the subjects. Results. The average flavonoid consumption in the Polish students was 801 mg/day, and in Spanish students 297 mg/day. Food categories such as beverages, vegetables and fruits were found to be significant sources of flavonoids, of which tea, oranges, orange juice, dried parsley and oregano were the main contributors among Polish students and oranges, tea, chickpeas, orange juice and dried parsley were the main sources of flavonoids among Spanish students. Conclusions. Flavonoid consumption in Polish students was more than two times higher than in Spanish students. Compared to other population studies consumption of flavonoids in both students groups was adequate.
The article presents the results of research conducted in the years 2003 - 2005 among the students of English Philology in Warsaw, Poznań, Lublin, Białystok, Zamość, Chełm and Biala Podlaska. The quantitative part of the research consisted of a questionnaire “Preferences in the perception of culture among Polish students of English,” which was completed by 440 respondents, while the qualitative part included 25 semi - structured personal interviews. The main aim of the study was to determine the students’ linguistic and cultural preferences for British and American culture in the context of Polish and European culture. Moreover, the article attempts to answer the question to what extent the perception of Anglo-American culture is caused by the student’s personal preferences and to what extent it is a consequence of being taught Anglo - American culture at the English departments. A relatively high rate of the answers indicating stereotypical attitudes to Anglo - American culture seems to suggest that it is the personal preferences and extra - curricular activities rather than classes devoted to British and American culture that have larger influence on the reception of Anglo - American culture among the students of English Philology.
Background. Although Poland belongs to the economically developed countries, social transformations affect people’s incomes and, consequently, their diets, what in many cases caused development of diet-related diseases. Results of epidemiological studies among students show symptoms of certain civilization diseases. Objective. The aim of this study was to compare the intake of nutrients by Polish students in our study with the nutrients intake by students from other university centres abroad and the determination of the direct impact on health parameters of educated people. Material and Methods. The study involved 329 Polish students. The dietary information was collected by interview on food intake during the last 24 hours. The index of BMI and WHR were calculated using anthropometric method. 27 nutrients, dietary fibre and daily total cholesterol intake with the computer program „Dietetyk 2” (National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw, Poland). Results. Both women and men consume inadequate amounts of milk and dairy products, fruits, vegetables, vitamin C and iron. The average daily intake of vitamin C and iron was below the standard of nutrition. Diets in men was characterized by excessive content of meat and in women sucrose. 35% of the students surveyed were overweight or obese. There was a lot of irregularities in the diet of both women and men, but men’s diet was more balanced in terms of nutrient content than the diet of women. Conclusions. The delivery of thiamine, riboflavin, calcium, and vitamin C is less in Polish students than in other populations compared. Nutritional mistakes and dietary habits during studies can influence the development of disease in young educated people.
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