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The number of orientation, feeding and social calls emitted by pipistrelle batsPipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, 1774 andP. pygmaeus Leach, 1825 was recorded throughout the night at eight different sites. Social calls were unaffected by weather variables, whereas orientation calls and feeding buzzes were both significantly affected by cloud and temperature conditions. The number of emissions of each call type was significantly different between sites, indicating that the bats used different sites for different activities. Significant positive correlations between all three combinations of call types occurred only during the middle of the night, corresponding with the nadir of flying insects. This suggests that bats were engaged in activities other than feeding at this time, such as territory protection or mate attraction.
The identification of two cryptic bat species of the genus Pipistrellus using a non-destructive and quick method of multiplex PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis is described. Two primer combinations were able to produce species-specific bands that identified reliably individuals that were previously identified by mtDNA sequencing. Robustness of the method was subsequently successfully tested on 16 randomly selected free-living animals from central Europe (tissue samples obtained from a 3 mm punch of wing-membrane) identified to species on the basis of echolocation calls. Nine out of 15 museum specimens and 100% of fresh faecal samples from seven individuals were also successfully identified by this method. The described method thus provides a good way to routinely distinguish two Pipistrellus species by using non-destructive sampling of living individuals or droppings, and will be used in field studies of their ecology.
Decision making by animals is likely to be influenced strongly by the behaviour of conspecifics. In this study we tested whether public information affected the foraging behaviour of common pipistrelles (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) by manipulating public information about the quality of foraging patches. Capture attempts during foraging are revealed by terminal buzzes, which are a potential source of public information about prey abundance for other foraging bats. We tested whether the estimation of food patch quality was affected by the number of terminal buzzes emitted by conspecifics. We conducted an experiment at 12 different locations in an urban habitat in the Netherlands. At each location we played back recordings of echolocation sounds of hunting bats with different terminal buzz rates and scored the bat activity. No significant differences between treatments were found. Our results do not support the hypothesis that bat activity increases in response to an increase in simulated terminal buzzes, suggesting that public information does not influence the choice of foraging patches in P. pipistrellus. We propose that P. pipistrellus does not use this kind of information because of either the high reliability of personal information or of the low collection costs associated with personal information.
Habitat destruction and fragmentation caused by modern forestry and agriculture are some of the main problems for the long-term survival of many species. In this study, a bat community of 11 species was investigated with the objective to evaluate the impacts of patch size, distance between habitat patches and habitat quality on species number, and also to investigate the use of corridors. Habitat islands, varying in size from 0.1 to 98.7 ha, in an agriculture-dominated landscape were surveyed. Habitat use by four species; Myotis brandti (Eversmann, 1845), M. nattereri (Kuhl, 1818), Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774), and Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758), was recorded in detail. In a stepwise multiple regression species number was found to be positively related to the area of deciduous woodland, but not to the area of coniferous forest or the distance to the continuous forest. Three of the four study species avoided all kinds of open habitats. Corridors were used as hunting habitats. Different hypotheses that might explain behaviour in open habitats are discussed.
W lasach, w drzewostanach młodych i monokulturach, stosuje się sztuczne skrzynki dla nietoperzy wykonane z drewna lub trocinobetonu. Łącznie w 2001 i 2005 r. na terenie Szczecińskiego Parku Krajobrazowego „Puszcza Bukowa” powieszono 60 budek drewnianych i 154 budek trocinobetonowych dla nietoperzy.W wyniku kontroli w 2007 r. stwierdzono wysoki stopień (ca 90%) zasiedlenia skrzynek trocinobetonowych.W zinwentaryzowanych sztucznych kryjówkach stwierdzono obecność 5 gatunków nietoperzy.
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