The aphid subgenus Paragreenidea Raychaudhuri, 1956 is reviewed, and one new species, Greenidea (Paragreenidea) cayratiae Qiao et Zhang sp. nov. on Cayratia japonica from Fujian Province, China is described here. Keys to the four known species worldwide, and descriptions of apterous and alate viviparous females and four stages larvae of the new species are also given. Type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (ZMCAS).