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Nucleic acid content in different tissues in the freshwater fish N.notopterus in relation to sex was studied during Pre-spawning phase of the reproductive cycle. The fish were scarified and the tissues such as brain, liver, kidney and gonads removed and processed for determination of nucleic acids. It is observed that the nucleic acid content in different tissues of female fish has lower values than males. The results obtained in the present study may provide a contribution to the knowledge of the characteristics of nucleic acid as parameters of sexing the fish. The study also indicates that although male fish have higher values than female fish, both the sexes are biochemically and nutritionally better.
Nucleic acid content in brain, liver, kidney and gonads of the freshwater fish Notopterus notopterus collected from different aquatic bodies were studied during pre-spawning phase of the reproductive cycle. The three different aquatic bodies selected were Saradgi nala, Bennithora River and Bheema River and their physiochemical parameters also studied. The present study of nucleic acid content in brain, liver, kidney and gonads of the fish Notopterus notopterus collected from aquatic body Bennithora River shows normal levels of the nucleic acid as compared to that of fish from other two aquatic bodies. The normal content of nucleic acid content of N. notoptuers in the aquatic body Bennithora may be due to favorable environmental condition for survival, growth, distribution and reproductive activity.
Hematological and some biochemical contents of the blood in relation to physico- chemical characteristics of the water have been studied in the fresh water fish, Notopterus notopterus. The results indicated that normal values have been found in comparison to the studies carried out in other fishes. Hence, the fish Notopterus notopterus is having favorable environmental temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen required for the fish to survive and regulate breeding activities.
The present study was carried out to find out the changes induced by one of the stress conditions such as acidic medium exposure on some haematological and blood biochemical, parameters in the fresh water fish, Notopterus notopterus. Increase in the haemoglobin and haematocrite indicate haemoconcentration in the fish blood. Glucose, alkaline phosphatase, sodium and calcium, protein, BUN, creatinine, triglycerides, enzymes such as SGOT and SGPT were decreased in the fish N.notopterus exposed to acidic condition. The changes in the environmental factors such as acidic condition cause stress to the fish which may bring disturbance in the blood parameters effecting the survival of fish.
The nucleic acid content in different tissues such as brain, liver, kidney & testis of both control and copper sulphate (CuSO4) exposed freshwater fish N. notopterus has been studied. The following observation is made in both control and copper sulphate (CuSO4) exposed fish. The testis contain large amount of DNA in comparison to other tissues. The degree of DNA content in control and copper sulphate (CuSO4) exposed fish testis >liver>brain>kidney. The RNA content also exhibited similar to that of DNA, having higher amount in the testis. The degree of RNA content in control and copper sulphate (Cuso4) exposed fish testis >liver>brain>kidney. The nucleic acid content of tissues get reduced under copper sulphate (CuSO4) exposed in the male freshwater fish N. notopterus indicating copper sulphate as a pollutant effect the nucleic acid content in the tissue.
The stratified epithelial cells of the buccopharynx and oesophagus are provided with simple and unbranched microridges in Notopterus notopterus. On the contrary, highly complex microridges on the epithelial cells of buccopharynx and oesophagus are characteristic feature of Orenchromis mossambicus. In both the fishes the gastric mucosa is provided with various minor folds forming empty concavities. The concavities are comparatively deeper in N. notoprerus. In the intestine of N. notopterus the mucosal folds are comparatively thinner and simpler than O. mossambicus. However, the presence of highly compact and slender microvilli of the columnar epithelial cells in the intestine of N. notopterus is the characteristic feature of a short gut. The complex arrangement of: mucosal folds forming irregular pockets in the luminal wall of the rectum in N. notopterus permits the greater elasticity for accommodating the undigested food. On the other hand, in O. mossambicus the mucosal folds are comparatively thinner.
The changes in some blood biochemical parameters were studied in the freshwater fish N. notopterus under saline exposure for a longer period of 30 days. The blood biochemical parameters are glucose, protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. All these parameters exhibited increased level except of blood glucose which remained unchanged as observed after the termination of saline exposure. Thus it indicates that although fish survives and able to tolerate extreme saline condition as there was no mortality during the exposure period. The increase of blood biochemical parameters can be considered as a kind of saline stress response particularly on lipid derivatives.
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