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The present study discusses the characteristic of the land and aquatic-land plant communities occurring in the Narew river valley within the Narew Landscape Park borders. The phytosociological research carried out in 1988-1994. The floristic composition has been performed by Braun-Blanquet method and recorded in 257 releves. Phytocenosis of 38 plant communities and 8 plant associations (21 communities of Phragmitetea class, 3 communities of Scheuchzerio-Cariceteafuscae class, 8 communities and 6 plant associations of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class, 6 forest and scrub communities as well as 2 communities and 2 plant associations of the other classes) were identified in studied area of the Narew Landscape Park. Predominant communities of wetland tall-sedges occupy about 32% of the area, reed rushes and others of Phragmition alliance - over 16%, grass and sedge-grass rushes - about 14%, forests and scrubs on hydrogenic soils - almost 15% (tab. 1). The approximate ranges of the particular groups of plant communities are presented on the map (fig. 1). The disadvantageous changes of vegetation in the certain areas of this part of the Narew river valley followed mainly because of changes in water condition in the valley as well as on the adjoining areas. They require renaturalization by increasing of habitat moisture. In spite of this, the Narew Landscape Park borders is one of the biggest and the best preserved of wetlands in Poland.
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The recognition of water relations originated in the valley of Narew river after its regulation was a aim of research carried out in the period 1991-1994. The description of model of water distribution in branched network of channels, which determines cause for settlement of water management principles, was an objective, also. The studies of water distribution were carried out in the part of river valley within Park from Kruszewo section to the weir in Rzędziany. The analysis of results of prognostic calculations executed for wide range of water-flows and changes of upstream water level at a weir was represented in the paper.
The purpose of the study was to choose the water management alternative for the Upper Narew Basin, considering the conservation of hydrogenic habitats, in particular the Narew Landscape Park. Three main parts of the Upper Narew River Basin can be distinguished: Narew valley from the Siemianówka reservoir to the settlement of Suraż, which is a marshy area becoming dry-ground forest extensively used for agricultural purposes; wetlands of high ecological value within the Narew Landscape Park; and a drained part of Narew valley and Suprasl valley used for intensive agricultural production. For the purpose of simulation of alternative scenarios of the water management system performance, the model NAREW was developed. The model consists of two main parts: water allocation model based on Out-of- Kilter network programming algorithm and simulation submodels of different water users. The simulation studies were carried out using the historical data over the period of 1951-1985. Three groups of water management alternatives were analysed. The alternative called the „reference” alternative, mapped the situation in the Upper Narew Basin, before the Siemianówka reservoir was built. The results of simulation-optimisation computations for this alternative are a reference level for evaluation of the other alternatives. The alternatives called „environment friendly” assumed that the conservation of hydrogenic habitats was the priority task of the Siemianówka reservoir. Another group of alternatives under study was called „economic” alternatives. These alternatives assumed that the priority reservoir tasks were water supply to the City of Białystok, Łapy Sugar Factory and drainage-irrigation systems. The results of computation show that in the case of economic alternatives, supporting flows in Supraśl River from Siemianówka reservoir the environental goals can not be met. However if the channel connecting Siemianówka reservoir and Supraśl River does not operate most of the water user can be supplied and the hydrogenic habitats does not suffer the lack of floods. The detailed situation in the Supraśl catchment has not been analysed.
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