Degradation of C. papyrus (papyrus) at Lake Naivasha is the result of a combination of lowered lake levels and destruction by large grazing mammals, buffalo and cattle, followed by several smaller species, in addition to more limited direct human clearance. Restoration of papyrus is considered to be of great importance for the future sustainability of the lake ecosystem. Two different interventions for papyrus (wetland) restoration have been proposed: one located around the delta of the Malewa river, based on ecohydrological principles, the other on land adjacent to the Gilgil river, adopting more of an ecological engineering approach. Both interventions are ecologically feasible. However, the principal limitations of both projects relate to anthropogenic factors and, in this respect, restoration of the Gilgil river is regarded as the more feasible of the two proposals at the present time. Future action should facilitate the involvement of local communities in any restoration projects at Lake Naivasha, with particular emphasis placed on the development of economic goods derivable from papyrus swamps.
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