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The content of Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn and Fe in bottom sediments of water reservoirs in Cracow has been investigated. Concentrations of heavy metals appeared to be more related to reservoir type and age than location. The most polluted sediments occur in river meanders cut in present time as well as in reservoirs affected by waste disposal. Reservoirs located in open pits are not polluted. However, reservoirs without inflow and outflow are the most sensitive to the accumulation of toxic metals. These reservoirs seem to be the most suitable for recreation.
Inbreeding and relationship are presented in the Beagle dog population as well as the contribution of founders and ancestors to the active population of Beagles recorded in the herdbook of the Cracow Branch of the Polish Kennel Club. From four-generation pedigrees of 84 Beagle dogs (29 males and 55 females) born in 1996-2007, one-generation pedigrees of 611 individuals (267 males and 344 females) were created. The inbreeding (FX) and relationship (RXY) coefficients were estimated for all 611 animals, for each sex separately and between sexes. For the active population of 84 animals, founders and ancestors were determined. Among all the animals, 13.75% (12.36% of males and 14.83% of females) were inbred; about 43% of those belonged to the active population. The mean FX values for all and for inbred individuals amounted to 0.0068 and 0.0492, respectively (0.0070 for all males, 0.0066 for all females, 0.0565 for inbred males and 0.0445 for inbred females). About 12.28% of pairs were related. The mean RXY was 0.0104 and 0.0848 for all and related pairs, respectively ( 0.0095 and 0.0926 in males, 0.0114 and 0.0807 in females, 0.0101 and 0.0853 between sexes. There were total of 222 founders and 54 ancestors. The effective numbers of founders and ancestors were 102 and 26,respectively. There were 29 main founders revealed. Four founders contributed from 2% to approx.3% of genes while the others only 1-2%. Seven out of 34 main ancestors contributed from 4% to over 10% genes, and remaining ones - up to 4%. One individual was both main founder and main ancestor.
The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of zoonotic arthropod parasites in small animals sold in selected pet stores in the Cracow area. The research was conducted in seven pet stores, keeping a total of six species of rodents and three species of birds. In two shops, two species of mites of the order Mesostigmata were detected on the animals and in their surrounding: Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite, and Ornithonyssus bacoti, the rat mite. Both observed species of mites may be harmful to animals, as well as to people working in the shops or potential pet owners. This study discusses the possible origin of the parasites and their importance to human health.
Materiał źródłowy niniejszej pracy stanowią wyniki statycznego doświadczenia polowego z owsem odmiany Dragon uprawianym w latach 1995-1997 w Stacji Doświadczalnej w Mydlnikach k/Krakowa w ogniwie płodozmianowym obejmującym: kukurydzę pastewną, jęczmień jary i owies. Przy obliczeniach statystycznych jako pierwszy badany czynnik przyjęto lata, jako drugi zróżnicowany sposób uprawy roli tj. uprawę tradycyjną oraz uprawę zmodyfikowaną polegającą na zastosowaniu głębosza spulchniającego warstwę podorną na głębokości 45 cm. Warunki pogodowe w latach prowadzenia badań różniły się znacząco. Znalazło to odbicie w poziomie plonowania owsa. Nadmiar opadów w porównaniu do optymalnego zapotrzebowania owsa powodował znaczne obniżenie plonów ziarna. W warunkach nadmiernej ilości opadów korzystny wpływ zabiegu głęboszowania nie uwidocznił się.
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status of plants colonizing an area affected by leakage of salty water (Barycz near Kraków, Poland) was studied in 2000 and 2001. The occurrence of plants typical for soils of increased salinity was observed. Among the 13 examined plant species 7 were mycorrhizal. The abundance of mycorrhizal plant populations was increased in the second year of study. Strains of 4 species of AMF, including Glomus caledonium, G. claroideum, G. geosporum and G. intraradices were isolated using trap cultures. On the basis of morphological characters the presence of G. tenue was detected in plant roots of several species from the study area. The efficiency of mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscule formation by two strains of G. geosporum isolated from a saline area and a strain of G. intraradices from unaffected sites was tested in an experiment carried out on Plantago lanceolata cultivated on substrata of different salinity levels. The increase in mycorrhizal parameters with growing salt content was observed in the case of strains originating from the salt-affected area. At the highest salt level these strains formed better developed mycorrhiza than the strain from the non-saline site, suggesting a better adaptation of the strains from the saline area. The data on vitality (alkaline phosphatase test) of intraradical AM fungi gave a clearer picture than those obtained by the conventional aniline blue staining.
The aim of the study was to compare the dynamics of pollen seasons of selected tree and shrub taxa among measurement sites in Kraków and its neighbourhood. The study was performed in Kraków and Piotrkowice Małe in 2002, as well as in Kraków and Giebułtów in 2006. During the study the volumetric method was applied and pollen grains were counted along four horizontal lines. The lowest percentage of Corylus pollen and the highest percentage of Betula pollen were found in the analysed sites. The differences among start dates in various measurement sites in a given year were inconsiderable. Statistically significant differences of SPI values for the majority of taxa were found between measurement sites and between seasons for Kraków. The pollen season dynamics showed one (Betula, Pinaceae) or more maximum values (Corylus, Populus, Fraxinus, Salix). The occurrence of many peaks could be explained by the appearance of several species within one genus in the studied area or by various weather conditions. In 2002 maximum pollen concentrations were recorded earlier than in 2006. The differences in these dates could be explained better by cumulative temperature >5°C than >0°C.
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