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Acer-Fraxinus dominated woods of the Italian Peninsula: a floristic and phytogeographical analysis

100%

Angiolini C., Foggi B., Viciani D.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

2012

tom 81

nr 2

Forest communities dominated by noble broad-leaved trees (maple, lime and ash) in Europe are of elevated scientific and conservation interest for the European Union. In this paper, we first present a synthesis of the maple and ash forests in peninsular Italy. By classifying these forests, we distinguish seven main groups for the territory, which only broadly match the syntaxa proposed in the literature. The variability of the Apennine data is then analysed floristically and phytogeographically (using chorological components) in a central-southern European context, using numerical classification, INSPAN, and direct ordination of several synoptic tables. These analyses allow us to identify six different groups of European Acer-Fraxinus communities. Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA) of the geographical components confirms the existence of distinct phytogeographical groups. In particular, we highlight the clear distinction between central European (including the Alps) and southern European coenoses. Among the latter there was a clear floristic and chorological distinction between Balkan and Apennine groups. These results reflect the biogeographical subdivisions of Europe, but do not support the syntaxonomical schemes proposed by other authors, which are based only on floristic-ecological information or (recently) use a smaller data set of Italian relevés. This study also shows that syntaxonomical schemes above the association level should pay more attention to phytogeographical aspects rather than focus on floristic-ecological information alone, in order to propose models that are of value on a geographical scale.

Morphological disparity in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian Peninsula

100%

Meloro C.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

2011

tom 56

nr 1

Communities of large mammals exhibit changes in morphological diversity through space and time; changes that are possibly correlated to distinct aspects of the physical environment. Here, I explore shape changes in the trophic apparatus of large carnivore guilds, comparing extant communities with Quaternary ones, from peninsular Italy. Mandibular shape is quantified through geometric morphometrics and its disparity is computed for each carnivore guild. Patterns of morphospace occupation through space and time reveal that extant carnivore guilds are negatively influenced by number of artiodactyls. Very productive ecosystems show low values of morphological disparity because species tend to occupy central regions of the morphospace rather than extreme areas. Disparity of mandibular corpus shape remains relatively stable throughout the Quaternary in the large carnivore communities of the Italian peninsula. They exhibit similar values to extant guilds because the trophic apparatus did not evolved important morphological novelties. Interestingly, carnivore guilds of the late Pliocene (3.5 Ma) and early Pleistocene (0.8 Ma) show over−dispersed or random morphospace occupation because of a depleted fauna, precluding successive structural changes. The same applies for the extant European carnivore guild as a result of recent extinctions without replacement.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

1 Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

1 Angiolini C.

1 Foggi B.

1 Meloro C.

1 Viciani D.

1 2012

1 2011

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Acer-Fraxinus dominated woods of the Italian Peninsula: a floristic and phytogeographical analysis

Morphological disparity in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian Peninsula