This study was conducted to compare the time of onset, duration of action, and the extent of analgesia produced by a lidocaine/xylazine combination with those produced by lidocaine and xylazine alone after injection into the caudal extradural space of the Iranian river buffalo. The study was designed as a prospective, descriptive, observer-blind trial, in a Latin square pattern. Eleven adult (aged over 2 years) non- gravid and healthy females of Iranian river buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), weighing from 450 to 650 kg, were used. Caudal extradural analgesia was achieved on 3 occasions at 14 d intervals by injection of 2% lidocaine (L; 0.22 mg kg⁻¹), 2% xylazine (X; 0.05 mg kg⁻¹), and a combination of 2% lidocaine(0.22 mg kg⁻¹) / 2% xylazine (LX; 0.05 mg kg⁻¹) in a Latin square design. Analgesia was determined by the lack of response to pinprick and haemostat pressure in the skin of the caudal areas. X was significantly longer (5.5 ± 0.7 min) than that by L or LX. Duration of analgesia was significantly longer by LX (172.3 ± 17.7 min) than that by either drug used alone (lidocaine, 79.5 ± 5.7 min; xylazine, 136.4±11.4 min). In X and LX groups, the level of analgesia ascended to thoracic segments; however, in lidocaine-treated buffaloes thighs, flank, and udders remained sensitive. In all the buffaloes, xylazine, administered either alone or with lidocaine, induced mild to moderate ataxia. It was concluded that the LX combination provided a more rapid onset and a longer duration of analgesia, and a more cranial spread of analgesic effect compared with either drug alone. As a result, the LX combination may offer a fast and long lasting anaesthesia/analgesia to perform obstetrical and surgical procedures without the need for re-injection.
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