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1
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Seasonal variability of carbon monoxide (CO) in the ambient environment of Imo State, Nigeria

100%
Njoku P., Ibe F. C., Alinnor J., Opara A.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2016
|
tom 53
The air qualities of four areas in Imo State with a total of twenty two locations were monitored for a period six months with respect to CO level using Gasman air monitor (Crowcon Instruments Ltd, England. The air quality monitoring was conducted in the morning, afternoon and evening hours within dry and wet seasons in order to elucidate the variability of this atmospheric pollutant in the study locations. The results obtained showed significant variation of the air pollutant in the morning, afternoon and evening including within the twenty four weeks, and between dry and wet seasons. The mean values of CO in the dry season are in the order Egbema > Okigwe > Owerri > Orlu, while the order for the mean CO level in wet season is Okigwe > Orlu > Egbema > Owerri. Elevated concentration of CO was observed in the study areas above 10 ppm, the Nigerian National ambient air quality standard. This observation calls for health and environmental concern. Hence, anthropogenic activities and fugitive emission sources of atmospheric pollutants such as increased vehicular traffic, biomass combustion, use of electric power generating sets, leakages from incinerators and flare stacks should be seriously monitored.
2
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Geospatial and geostatistical analyses of particulate matter (PM10) concentrations in Imo State, Nigeria

86%
Iheanyichukwu O. A., Chizoruo I. F., Chukwuemeka N. P., Ikechukwu A. J., Kenechukwu E. C.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2016
|
tom 57
Geospatial and geostatistical analysis of particulate matter (PM10) variation in Imo State, Nigeria was carried out. The objectives of the study were to determine and analyze the variation in concentration of ambient PM10 level in Imo State, Nigeria. Air quality sampling was conducted within November 2014 and June 2015, in wet and dry seasons three times daily using Haze Dust Particulate Monitor (10μm). The mean concentration of PM10 level observed in the study varied from 5.22 - 6.63mg/m3 in wet season and 5.80 - 8.38 mg/m3 in dry season. Coefficient of variation (CV %) revealed that the variability of PM10 level ranged between little and moderate variations in both wet and dry season. Analysis of variance (ANOVA p<0.05) showed statistically significant variation in the mean PM10 level in the study locations. Box and Whisker plots confirmed variation of PM10 in the morning, afternoon and evening. The GIS plots revealed the spatial attributes of the air pollutant in the study locations. Time series plots indicate that the air pollutants fluctuated throughout the study duration. The Wind Rose suggests that the prevailing wind speed and wind directions were responsible for the dispersal migration of the air pollutant in the study area. The highest seasonal mean values were observed in Egbema and Okigwe area in both dry and wet season. The seasonal mean values recorded in the study exceeded the Nigerian National Ambient Air Quality Standards. This calls for urgent response to prevent further air quality deterioration and its negative effects on man and the environment.
3
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Effects of gas flaring on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water sources in Egbema, Imo State, Nigeria

72%
Braide W., Nwachukwu J., Adeleye S. A., Egbadon E. O.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2016
|
tom 56
This study evaluated the effects of gas flaring on the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of water sources at Egbema, Imo State, Nigeria. Surface and ground water samples from the area were compared with samples from Ihiagwa Autonomous Community in Owerri West, a non-gas flared community. Both water sources were then compared with WHO standards for drinking water. The results revealed that water sources from the gas flared area have high levels of temperature, total chlorine, nitrate, nitrites, sulphates, calcium, and zinc, chromium with a very acidic pH when compared with water from non-gas flared sources. Also, microbial load increased the farther the distance from the flare site. The human health imparts of the presence of heavy metals and microorganisms in drinking water had been reported. In conclusion, gas flaring can pollute water sources within oil and gas facilities, thereby making them unsuitable for human consumption. Oil and gas industries should therefore treat water within their areas of operations before discharged into water bodies in addition to other remediation measures as part of their social responsibility.
4
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Antibacterial potentials of Vernonia amygdalina against antibiotic-resistant salmonella specie isolated from Nworie River, Imo State, Nigeria

58%
Chikwendu C. I., Egbadon E. O., Okuma B.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2016
|
tom 56
Salmonella species were isolated from Nworie River and then tested against several antibiotics to include; Gentamycin, Streptomycin, Amoxycillin, Kanamycin, Oxacillin, Ofloxacin, Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Aztreonam and Ceftazidime. Salmonella isolates obtained from the river were resistant to at least three different antibiotics. All isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin, Oxacillin and Iminipem showing a 100% resistant rate, while showing sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin, Aztreonam, Gentamycin, Ceftazidime, Kanamycin, Streptomycin, and Ofloxacin at sensitivity rates of 71.4%, 7.1%, 77.1%, 11.4%, 44.3%, 48.6% and 78.6% respectively. The antibiotic-resistant Salmonella species were further tested against the aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf, stem and roots to assess their antibacterial potential at a concentration of 100mg/ml. Aqueous extracts of the leaf, stem and roots showed no activity against antibiotic resistant Salmonella isolate, while the ethanol and acetone extracts showed activity rates of 20% and 17% for roots, 14.3% and 12.9% for stem, and, 15.7% and 11.4% for leaf. The results from this study further confirms the antibacterial potentials of Vernonia amygdalina against antibioticresistant bacterial isolates.
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Evaluation of different Onchocerciass manifestation by age and gender among residents in selected endemic villages in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria

58%
Kamalu, N. A., Uwakwe F. E.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2014
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tom 15
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nr 2
Aspects of human infection with Onchocerca volvulus was investigated in 9 villages in Okigwe LGA of Imo State, Nigeria between January 2010 and December 2011. The objectives were to compare the prevalence of different manifestations of Onchocerciasis according to gender and age, with view to determine if there had been a change in prevalence of Onchocerciasis among residents of some communities in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo State. A cross sectional survey method was adopted for the study, blood free skin snips were collected from randomly selected consenting adults aged 5-62 years. Palpation for mobile subcutaneous lumps and clinical manifestation were observed among 960 persons comprising 511 males and 449 females. The commonest lesions observed were poor vision 17 %, nodules 15 %, leopard skin 20 %, lizard skin 15 %, and hanging groin 3 %. Musculo-skeletal pain (MSP) was recorded as one of the major complaints by 30 % of the subjects. The result showed that Onchocerciasis clinical manifestations are still prevalent, however nodules prevalence reduced among the sampled population (69.8 %).
6
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Epidemiology of tree-hole breeding mosquitoes in the tropical rainforest of Imo State, South-East Nigeria

58%
Anosike J. C., Nwoke B. E. B., Okere A. N., Oku E. E., Asor J. E., Emmy-Egbe I. O., Adimike D. A.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
|
2007
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tom 14
|
nr 1
The study of tree-hole breeding mosquitoes was carried out in the tropical rainforest of Imo State Nigeria (two rural areas and two forest reserves in some parts of Orlu Senatorial Zone) between May – October 2002. Using standard entomological procedures, two macrohabitats (natural tree-holes and bamboo traps) and two microhabitats (leaf axils of cocoyams/pineapples and leaf axils of plantain/banana) were sampled for various mosquito species. Mosquitoes were recovered from all the various biotypes sampled. Types of mosquitoes species encountered, their relative abundance, as well as genera varied signifi cantly during the study (p<0.05). Four genera of mosquitoes: Aedes, Culex, Anopheles and Toxorhynchites were recovered while 16 species of mosquitoes encountered include: Aedes aegypti, Ae. africanus, Ae. simpsoni, Ae. albopictus, Ae. stokesi, Ae. taylori, Ae. apicoargenteus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. nebulosus, Cx. trigripes, Cx. decens, Anopheles gambiae, An. funiestus, An. coustani and Toxorhynchites viridibasis. Most of the mosquitoes showed oviposition preferences for one or more habitats. The presence of Ae. africanus, Ae. simpsoni and Ae. aegypti indicate that the study areas were at risk of yellow fever epidemic. The presence of Anopheles and Culex species ensured endemicity of malaria and fi lariasis, while the recovery of Ae. albopictus in this region suggests a possible outbreak of dengue fever in future if not properly controlled.
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