The ISSR technique was used to determine the genetic similarity between 18 cultivars of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), 24 cultivars of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and 9 types of rootstocks for plants of these species. In reactions where 35 primers were used, 230 polymorphic DNA fragments diversifying the rootstocks were acquired, as well as 144 polymorphic fragments for the cultivars of sour cherry and 98 of sweet cherry. The highest degree of DNA polymorphism was observed in the case of the rootstocks (71.2%). For sour cherry, it was 50.7% and for sweet cherry 39.5%. It was possible to distinguish between types of rootstocks using two primers (827, 841), cultivars of sour cherry using also two primers (825, 841), whereas in order to distinguish the sweet cherry cultivars, three primers had to be used: 830, 841 and 843. Among the cultivars of sweet cherry, the highest genetic similarity was observed between 'Van' and 'Techlovan', 'Regina' and 'Karina', 'Summit' and 'Sam'. In the case of sour cherry, the most similar genetically proved to be 'Debreceni Botormo' and 'Ujfehertoi Furtos' as well as 'Nefris' and 'Safir'. Among the rootstocks, the least disparity demonstrated genotypes of two groups from the GiSeLa and PHL series. Obtained ISSR markers allow the identification of tested genotypes as well as their more accurate characterization. Results of the research may find application in gene banks of Prunus genotypes, and in orchard and nursery practice.
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