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In this paper, the rediscovery of endemic and long missing species, Scilla mesopotamica Speta which had been only known from the type gathering, is given. The species has not been collected again after Sintenis in 1888, whose specimens served Speta for description of the new taxon. In 2004, the authors found it in a steppic rocky area, near Halfeti in Şanliurfa province, South East Anatolia, Turkey. After analyzing Sintenis' original collection notes, they concluded that this area is identical with the type locality. S. mesopotamica has an extremely limited distribution and is represented by less than 200 specimens in the single known population that covers less than 50 m2. Taxonomy of the species, detailed description with illustrations, geographical distribution, habitat, ecology and status of IUCN extinction risk and some comments on conservation of the plant are also presented.
Squill of the family Hyacinthaceae is a small bulb perennial. The present study on flowering and pollination of Scilla sibirica Andr., S. sibirica ‘Alba’, and S. bifolia L. was conducted in the years 1995, 1997, and 1999 in the Botanical Garden of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. The plants flowered from the end of March until the middle of May. The duration of flowering of individual taxa was similar and it averaged 20 days (Scilla sibirica), 21 days (S. sibirica ‘Alba’), and 23 days (S. bifolia). The opening of flower buds always started around 9.00 am and lasted, depending on the taxon, until 3.00 pm (Scilla sibirica ‘Alba’), 4.00 pm (S. bifolia), and 5.00 pm (S. sibirica). The flowers were visited by bees (Apoidea), primarily the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.), bumblebee (Bombus L.), and solitary bees. Numerous honey bee foragers were observed; they bit through the anther walls and even attempted to open still closed flower buds in order to reach the pollen.
Developmental transitions between the major types of embryo sac formation, in which development starts according to one type and continues according to another type, have been reported seldom in the embryological literature. Here we describe in a sample of the rare taxon Hyacinthoides vincentina (a species of the Hyacinthaceae related to H. italica, sometimes considered conspecific with H. mauritanica) a bisporic start of embryo sac development and its tetrasporic continuation according to the Fritillaria type. The decisive events are the postmeiotic dissolution of the cell wall, which had been formed after the first meiotic division, the assumption of a 1+3 position of the spore nuclei in the germinating coenomegaspore, and the formation of a triploid chalazal spindle during the first embryo sac mitosis (Carano-Bambacioni phenomenon). The endosperm is pentaploid. While the bisporic Hyacinthoides type is considered characteristic for the genus Hyacinthoides, the Fritillaria type has not been found in the family hitherto. These observations add one further and particular example to the remarkable diversity of embryo sac types in the family Hyacinthaceae, in which the Polygonum, Allium, and Drusa-I types have been described, in addition to the Hyacinthoides type.
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