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1

Occurrence of blood parasites and intensity of infection in Prunella modularis in the montane and subalpine zone in the Slovak Carpathians

100%
Haas M., Lukan M., Kiskova J., Hrehova Z.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2012
|
tom 57
|
nr 3
The objective of this study was to obtain primary information on the occurrence of blood parasites and intensity of infection in the Dunnock Prunella modularis in the montane region of Slovakia. Altogether 109 birds were examined during the years 2006–2010. The occurrence of Haemoproteus sp., Leucocytozoon fringillinarum and Trypanosoma sp. was documented. Blood parasite prevalences of 45% by microscopic examination and 55% by PCR diagnostics were found. The prevalence of Leucocytozoon sp. was found to be dependent on host sex with males showing a significantly higher intensity of infection with Leucocytozoon. Adult birds showed significantly higher infection prevalence than subadults. The prevalences of both Leucocytozoon sp. and Haemoproteus sp. were significantly dependent on bird age. The intensity of infection with Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon was positively correlated and higher intensity of infection was confirmed in adult birds then in subadults birds. The prevalence of blood parasites in our samples was significantly higher in comparison to most other studies from different countries of Europe conducted at lower altitudes, indicating that the montane zone is especially favourable for the transmission of Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus species.
2

Blood parasites [Haemoproteus and microfilariae] in birds from the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica

100%
Benedikt V., Barus V., Capek M., Havlicek M., Literak I.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2009
|
tom 54
|
nr 3
197-204
We studied blood parasites in wild birds within Hitoy Cerere Biological Reserve and Barbilla National Park in Costa Rica during the rainy season of 2004. We examined blood samples from 248 and 114 birds, respectively. Protozoan parasites of the genus Haemoproteus as well as microfilariae were found. Prevalence of Haemoproteus in birds was 0.8% and 4.4% in Hitoy Cerere and Barbilla, respectively, and differences were significant. Prevalence of infection by microfilariae was 8.1% and 3.5%, respectively, however, differences were not significant. Based on morphological characteristics, we divided microfilariae into two groups and nine morphotypes. In Hitoy Cerere, there were microfilariae of all nine morphotypes whereas in Barbilla we only found two morphotypes.
3
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Parasites of chaffinch [Fringilla coelebs] population. Part 2. Blood parasites

100%
Pawelczyk A., Gryczynska A., Mazgajski T. D.
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
|
2003
|
tom 49
|
nr 1
Blood parasites of Chaffinches caught from June to October near Łuknajno Lake (Mazurian Lakeland) were studied. Only parasites belonging to the genera Haemoproteus were found. A decrease in prevalence as the season progressed was observed. No differences in blood parasite infections in relation to the sex of the birds were found. Also males body weight was not affected by the presence of parasites.
4

Occurrence of haemosporidian parasites in the paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola [Passeriformes, Sylviidae]

80%
Zehtindjiev P., Ilieva M., Krizanauskiene A., Oparina O., Oparin M., Bensch S.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2009
|
tom 54
|
nr 4
295-300
The blood parasite diversity was studied in paddyfield warblers (Acrocephalus agricola) breeding in NE Bulgaria, SW Russia and S. Kazakhstan. Nine cytochrome b gene lineages were recorded, 4 belonging to Haemoproteus spp. and 5 to Plasmodium spp. The overall prevalence of haemosporidians was 33.3%. The composition of parasites varied geographically, with six lineages recorded in Russia, five lineages in Bulgaria and two lineages in Kazakhstan. Two lineages are described for the first time, i.e. ACAGR1 (belonging to Plasmodium sp. and recorded from a single bird in Russia) and ACAGR2 (belonging to Haemoproteus sp., recorded from Bulgaria and Russia). The latter lineage is the most widespread parasite in the Bulgarian population, scarce in Russia and absent in Kazakhstan. It is supposed that ACAGR2 has originated from the widespread lineage ACDUM1 differing from it by a single nucleotide. One lineage only (ACDUM2) occurs in all the three populations studied and is a nonspecific parasite known from various passerines. Six of the registered lineages have been found in a single population of A. agricola and also represent non-specific parasites occurring in a wide range of passerine birds. Their records in A. agricola may indicate the high transmission rate of these parasites in the habitats where this host co-occurs with other passerines. The variation of the composition of the haemosporidian parasite communities through the breeding range of A. agricola makes up heterogeneous selection pressures that may drive intraspecific variation in important life-history traits.
5

Low prevalence of haemosporidian parasites in the introduced house sparrow [Passer domesticus] in Brazil

80%
Lima M. R., Simpson L., Fecchio A., Kyaw C. M.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2010
|
tom 55
|
nr 4
297-303
Species that are introduced to novel environments can lose their native pathogens and parasites during the process of introduction. The escape from the negative effects associated with these natural enemies is commonly employed as an explanation for the success and expansion of invasive species, which is termed the enemy release hypothesis (ERH). In this study, nested PCR techniques and microscopy were used to determine the prevalence and intensity (respectively) of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. in introduced house sparrows and native urban birds of central Brazil. Generalized linear mixed models were fitted by Laplace approximation considering a binomial error distribution and logit link function. Location and species were considered as random effects and species categorization (native or non-indigenous) as fixed effects. We found that native birds from Brazil presented significantly higher parasite prevalence in accordance with the ERH. We also compared our data with the literature, and found that house sparrows native to Europe exhibited significantly higher parasite prevalence than introduced house sparrows from Brazil, which also supports the ERH. Therefore, it is possible that house sparrows from Brazil might have experienced a parasitic release during the process of introduction, which might also be related to a demographic release (e.g. release from the negative effects of parasites on host population dynamics).
6
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Zależność występowania pasożytów krwi ptaków wróblowatych w Polsce od wędrówek oraz sezonowych zmian temperatury

80%
Ramisz A.
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
|
1965
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tom 11
|
nr 5
As a result of a survey of 362 birds, data were accumulated concerning the influence of migration and seasonal distribution of the Protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Lankesterella and Microfilariae. Material for study consisted of blood films which had been collected over two years. The smears were stained with Giemsa stain and each was examined approximately twenty minutes. The monthly incidence of infections is shown in Table 1. Plasmodium was found in 8.3 per cent of all atudied birds, from March to December with the highest intensity during the summer period. The non-migratory birds were infected in 81 per cent (of all infected with Plasmodium birds). Haemoproteus was established in 6.4 per cent from April to October. In majority this protozoan was found in migratory birds (70 per cent of all infected with Haemoproteus birds). The most popular in Poland are the protozoans of the genus Lankesterella and Leucocytozoon. These two genus were found in Poland through the all years. Leucocytozoon was found in 12.4 per cent. In majority this parasite was established in birds of the family Corvidae (78.5 per cent of all infected with Leucocytozoon birds). Corvus frugilegus was caught in majority in the winter period and it was infected in 57.7 per cent. It is interesting because the birds, which are in winter in Poland were coming from north and east. Microfilariae were found through the all year and 50 per cent of Corvidae were infected with this parasite.
7

Haemosporida of birds of prey and Owls from Germany

80%
Krone O., Priemer J., Streich J., Sommer P., Langgemach T., Lessow O.
Acta Protozoologica
|
2001
|
tom 40
|
nr 4
8

Blood parasites in passerine birds in Slovakian East Carpathians

80%
Hauptmanova K., Benedikt V., Literak I.
Acta Protozoologica
|
2006
|
tom 45
|
nr 1
9

Description of a new species of Haemoproteus [Haemosporidia, Apicomplexa] from an Orange-tufted Sunbird Nectarinia osea

71%
Paperna I., Yosef R.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2010
|
tom 55
|
nr 2
103-107
Haemoproteus osea sp. nov. is described from the blood of Nectarinia osea, sunbird species, endemic to Israel and the Red Sea zone of Arabia. Infection was found only in one out of 44 birds, in Eilat, at the north end of Gulf of Aqaba; level of parasitaemia was 0.07%. Young gametocytes adhere alongside the nucleus. The gametocytes extend alongside the erythrocyte nucleus, filling the entire space to the erythrocyte envelope and only slightly impose over the tip of the erythrocyte nucleus. Mean nuclear displacement ratio is 0.75. H. osea differs from H. sequeirae Tendeiro, 1947 in having the microgametocyte cytoplasm blue staining, similarly to the macrogametocyte, rather than reddish white, and also in causing less evident displacement of the erythrocyte nucleus.
10

Genetic diversity of avian blood parasites in SE Europe: Cytochrome b lineages of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus [Haemosporida] from Bulgaria

51%
Dimitrov D., Zehtindjiev P., Bensch S.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2010
|
tom 55
|
nr 3
201-209
We used a nested PCR protocol to examine the genetic diversity of cytochrome b (cyt b) lineages from blood parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus in birds in Bulgaria. In total, 460 birds of 43 species and 14 families (mostly passerines) were examined for the presence of infections. Of them, 267 were recognised as infected with haemosporidian parasites. Mixed infections were recorded in 24 individuals (9%). Besides the 24 individuals with mix infections, 114 (43%) were positive for Plasmodium spp. and 129 (48%) for Haemoproteus spp. We identified 52 genetic lineages of haemosporidian parasites: 38 of Haemoproteus and 14 of Plasmodium. Twelve new cyt b lineages of Haemoproteus were recorded; they occurred in the following hosts: grey-faced woodpecker (Picus canus), golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus), jay (Garrulus glandarius), barred warbler (Sylvia nisoria), song thrush (Turdus philomelos), spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata), spanish sparrow (Passer hispaniolensis), hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), and cirl bunting (Emberiza cirlus). We also detected 22 new host records for previously known lineages. The most common lineage was SGS1 (Plasmodium relictum), which had a total prevalence of 14% and occurred in 8 host species belonging to 5 families. Three of the cyt b lineages of genus Haemoproteus (DURB1, DURB2 and SYNIS2) showed more than 5% divergence from all described morphologically lineages. These lineages probably represent at least 2 different morphospecies which remains to be identified.
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