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Fine structural features of the vitellarium of two digeneans, Phyllodistomum angulatum and Azygia lucii, are documented and compared with those of other digenean species. The cytodifferentiation of immature vitelline cells (vitellocytes) assumes the production and subsequent accumulation in their cytoplasm of several inclusions. Mature vitelline cells of P. angulatum are characterized by the presence of vitelline clusters (∼2.7 μm in diameter, with ∼100 vitelline globules of ∼0.35 μm in diameter) and osmiophobic, saturated lipid droplets (∼2-3 μm in diameter), and in A. lucii vitelline clusters of the same diameter include much fewer vitelline globules (∼50 globules of ∼0.5 μm in diameter), osmiophilic lipid droplets and α-glycogen. In both P. angulatum and A. lucii, interstitial cells are also present within the vitellarium. Two types of contact sites (septate and tight junctions) between adjoining interstitial cells also occur in both digenean species. Judging from the present and previous ultrastructural studies, it is suggested that there are three potential discriminatory characters of the digenean vitellarium (the number of different types of cell components within the vitellarium, the presence and type of junctional complexes between these cells, and the isolation of the vitellarium from the surrounding tissue) which may prove useful for a better understanding of the biology and evolutionary history of the different digenean groups.
Gorgoderina spinosa sp. nov. (Digenea, Gorgoderidae) from the bladder of the water skipper, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Anura, Dicroglossidae), from Dehradun, India is described and illustrated. Gorgoderina spinosa is the 6th Indian species assigned to the genus and is separated from its congeners based upon the morphology of vitelline glands and the presence of a spinose integument. Two additional digenean species, Diplodiscus amphichrus and Ganeo tigrinus, and 3 nematode species, Cosmocerca kalesari, Gendria chauhani, and unidentified larvae were found. Diplodiscus amphichrus, Ganeo tigrinus, Cosmocerca kalesari, and Gendria chauhani have previously been reported to infect Indian individuals of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis.
From May 1993 to April 1995 a comparative study on the seasonal dynamics of Phyllodistomum folium (von Olfers, 1816) infection was carried out on 633 blue bream, Abramis ballerus (L.) and 266 ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.) from the Oder River (Germany/Poland). In blue bream, the monthly prevalences and mean intensities of infection varied irregularly throughout the year: prevalence values attained up to 50% and mean intensities reached 7.6 (range: 1-34) trematodes per infected fish. Conversely, in ruffe a temperature dependent occurrence of P. folium was observed: both the prevalence and mean intensity of infection were significantly higher at a water temperature beneath 10°C than above, with a highest monthly prevalence of 60.8% and a mean intensity of 2.9 (range: 1-7) P. folium. Juvenile and gravid trematodes were found in blue bream and ruffe at all seasons. Based on this study, it is concluded that (a) infection of fish is possible throughout the year, and that (b) modifications in course of infection are determined by the host species rather than on water temperature.
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