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There is a great variety of techniques for complete neurone visualization currently available. Each of them has some advantages and disadvantages. The selection one of them depends upon the requirements of the situation. One of the most useful techniques for observing individual neurones has been the Golgi method with its variations. This method has been extended from the light microscopic to the ultrastructural level. The correlation of neural structure and function was advanced with the technique of intracellular injection of the fluorescent dyes. Investigations of the cross-correlations between morphology, electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry of neurones have significantly advanced current knowledge of the complex organization of at least some parts of the nervous system. Some crucial parameters including the selection of the dyes, the injection technique and tissue processing as well as the appropriate immunohistochemical fluorescent markers are discussed. Cell reconstruction techniques also are mentioned.
The studies were carried out on the hypothalamus of 5 newborn (P0 stage) guinea pigs. The sections were impregnated according to three modifications of the Golgi technique or stained according to the Nissl and Klüver-Barrera methods. On the basis of the shape and size of perikarya, dendroarchitecture, pattern of axon as well as the inner structure of neurones, in the medial (Mm) and lateral (Ml) mamillary nuclei four morphological types of nerve cells were distinguished: cap-like with two subtypes (33% of the cell population), fusiform (35%), triangular (12%) and rounded unidendritic (21%) neurones. The majority of them possessed spines on their dendrites. The spiny cells, both cap-like and fusiform ones, were observed preponderantly, in the medial mamillary nucleus, whereas in the lateral mamillary nucleus there were mainly seen the triangular and fusiform neurones, either spiny or aspiny cells. The spineless rounded unidendritic cells were dispersed throughout the mamillary region, but they were twice as numerous in Mm as in Ml, where they were the least numerous.
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