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The present studies were carried out on the brains of the adult mole and rabbit. The preparations were made by means of the Golgi technique and the Nissl method. Two types of neurons were distinguished in the preoptic area (POA) of both species: bipolar and multipolar. The bipolar neurons have oval, fusiform or round perikarya and two dendritic trunks arising from the opposite poles of the cell body. The dendrites bifurcate once or twice. The dendritic branches have swellings, single spine-like and filiform processes. The multipolar neurons usually have triangular and quadrangular perikarya and from 3 to 5 dendritic trunks. The dendrites of the mole neurons branch sparsely, whereas the dendrites of the rabbit neurons display 2 or 3 divisions. On the dendritic branches varicosities and different protuberances were observed. The general morphology of the bipolar and multipolar neurons is similar in the mammals studied, although the neurons of the rabbit POA display a more complicated structure. Their dendritic branches show more divisions and possess more swellings and different processes than the dendrites of the neurons of the mole POA. Furthermore, of the multipolar neurons only the dendrites in POA of the rabbit were observed to have a rosary-like beaded appearance.
The studies were carried out on the hypothalamus of 5 newborn (P0 stage) guinea pigs. The sections were impregnated according to three modifications of the Golgi technique or stained according to the Nissl and Klüver-Barrera methods. On the basis of the shape and size of perikarya, dendroarchitecture, pattern of axon as well as the inner structure of neurones, in the medial (Mm) and lateral (Ml) mamillary nuclei four morphological types of nerve cells were distinguished: cap-like with two subtypes (33% of the cell population), fusiform (35%), triangular (12%) and rounded unidendritic (21%) neurones. The majority of them possessed spines on their dendrites. The spiny cells, both cap-like and fusiform ones, were observed preponderantly, in the medial mamillary nucleus, whereas in the lateral mamillary nucleus there were mainly seen the triangular and fusiform neurones, either spiny or aspiny cells. The spineless rounded unidendritic cells were dispersed throughout the mamillary region, but they were twice as numerous in Mm as in Ml, where they were the least numerous.
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