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Hairy root culture plays an important role in investigation of alkaloid production in culture in vitro. The complexity of scientific work and the production capacity limitations associated with whole plant systems and unorganized cells can be overcome using culture of hairy roots. This paper presents an example of a strategy to produce secondary metabolites from plants, in which we investigated the alkaloid pathway, modified gene expression, and cultivated and optimized hairy root growth in a bioreactor. Datura innoxia whole plant was transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, and the obtained hairy roots were studied for their tropane alkaloid production. Optimization of medium led to an increase of scopolamine production in hairy root culture of Datura innoxia by increasing the produced biomass, but genetic engineering seems to be the best way to increase the accumulation of scopolamine. These root cultures were not able to stably overaccumulate scopolamine. The involvement of putative enzymatic regulation of the tropane alkaloid pathway is discussed.
The experiments were carried out in 2004-2006 in the Department of Vegetable and Me­dicinal Plants, Agricultural University in Lublin. The aim of presented work was to evaluate a development stage in which should the Datura innoxia plants be harvested to obtain herb with high content of alkaloids per area unit. Plants were harvested: 1 - in a stage of vegetative growth, 2 - in the beginning of flowering, 3 - in the beginning of fructification. The effects of weather conditions on air-dry herb yield (17.0-23.2 kg-100 m~2) and content of tropane alkaloids (0.166-0.224%) was stated. Significantly lower mean herb yield was obtained from plants harvested in vegetative growth stage. Significant relationship be­tween tropane alkaloids content and development stage of plants was not stated. Quantity of tropane alkaloids obtained in cultivation of Datura innoxia (22.32-55.57 gl 00 nr2) de­pended more on high value of air-dry herb yield per area unit (12.9-28.5 kg-100 m2) than on content of these active substances in material (0.150-0.236%).
The subject of this review is androgenesis as a process of embryo development from microspores and pollen. A number of factors govern androgenesis, but genotype, the stage of microspore development and in vitro culture conditions are the most important. We summarize some recent work employing a variety of experimental approaches to study this fascinating phenomenon of embryo formation.
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