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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the DNA viruses which are closely related to cervical carcinogenesis. c-FOS plays a key role in initiation and maintenance of expression of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins in cervical carcinogenesis combined with infection with oncogenic types of HPV. AP-1 is considered to be a positive regulator which recognizes sequences in 5'HPV DNA regulatory region (LCR). Mutations in FOS gene, nuclear transcription factor coding proteins binding to specific DNA sequences occur with a frequency of 20-25% in various neoplasms in humans. The purpose of the study was identification of point mutation in c-FOS gene from cervical squamous carcinoma cells, high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cells and normal cervical epithelium.The study group consisted of 35 postoperative tissues from patients diagnosed with high grade dysplasia and 29 postoperative tissues from patients diagnosed with squamous cell cervical carcinoma. The control group consisted of normal cervical tissue specimens obtained from 33 patients that underwent hysterectomy due to uterine leiomyomas. Identification of point mutation in c-FOS gene exon 4 was performed using PCR - SSCP technique. Mutation in 450 nucleotide fragment of c-FOS gene was found in none of the studied samples.
Vaccinia virus is able to replicate in many cell types and is known to modulate apoptosis in infected cells. In this study, expression of apoptosis-related genes was screened in human adherent monocytes after vaccinia infection using a DNA array. A marked increase of the key glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression was found. Increased expression and nuclear translocation of GAPDH have recently been reported to participate in apoptosis of many cell types. To confirm the array results, levels of GAPDH mRNA were estimated by RT-PCR, showing an increase at 4 h p.i. followed by a slight decrease, which corre­lated with the viral anti-apoptotic E3L gene transcript levels. Subcellular localization of the enzyme in human monocytes was examined by Western blot and immunostaining of the infected cells. Both experiments revealed accumulation of GAPDH in the nucleus at 14 h p.i., which was completely suppressed at 24 h p.i. This might indicate GAPDH as a novel target for vaccinia anti-apoptotic modulation.
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