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The genetic basis of the resistance of the common cypress to Seridium cardinale was investigated in the environmental condition of Central Italy. The cortical canker caused by the fungus affects the common cypress since the 1970’s in Europe and the genetic improvement for the resistance is considered an effective tool to cope with the bark canker epidemics. General and specific combining abilities of thirty mother plants were estimated by means of a North Carolina II mating design including four cypress clones as testers showing divergent degree of canker resistance. The strong differences among testers and general combining effects showed that the character under investigation has an additive genetic control. The best combinations were identified within the families from the crosses with the resistant tester. The results however showed that an early classification of the mother trees, based on a simple unreplicated resistance screening test, is not effective to predict the behaviour in crosses. Replicated screening tests based on morpho-physiological and chemical characteristics are suggested, because the bark canker resistant traits is not sufficiently stable in cypress trees.
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For several years, authors of the present paper have been observing specimens of cypresses of the genus Cupressus planted in Szczecin and its vicinity and within the area of the agglomeration of Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot as well as in some botanical gardens and arboreta. The work is a collection of materials from long-term observations and a moderately complete study on cypresses grown in the northern and central part of Poland. In this respect, the present publication fills a gap in dendrological knowledge in our country. The authors have analyzed 6 taxa in total, assessing the possibility of their cultivation in Poland. Also species cultivated in Western Europe and other parts of the world are presented, as a reference to conditions and species grown in Poland. Most species presented in the paper had not been grown in Poland until recently, with the first specimens planted in the 1970-ties. Many of the described species produce flowers and cones and tolerate the Polish climatic conditions well; even temperature drop below –26ºC (winter 2005/2006) did not induce serious injuries and a decrease in their vitality. The species reported in this article as cultivated outdoors in Poland include Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus glabra (most commonly; both represented also by cultivars), Cupressus bakeri, Cupressus semprevirens, Cupressus stephensonii, Cupressus montana. Authors assume that the first three species can be successfully cultivated in Polish climatic conditions especially in places with suitably warm microclimate. The latter ones are represented only by single specimens growing in specific locality (very close to the open sea) so their hardiness have to be further investigated.
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