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Coal Tits Periparus ater build larger nests than Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major living in the same Mediterranean coniferous woodland habitat

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Lambrechts M. M., Haurez J., Bodineau G., Gagliardi G., Maistre M., Perret P., Pihan P., Wilhelm B., Wilhelm J., Bernard C., Blondel J.

Acta Ornithologica

2016

tom 51

nr 1

The size and shape of the nest are species-specific characteristics that are often associated with environmental factors at the time of breeding. Nests are expected to be larger or thicker in colder environments, although the relationships between nest design and weather differ between species. Here we present the results of an analysis of the external height of the nest wall in Paridae that accepted small standardized nesting boxes for breeding. The study populations were monitored in a relatively cold Mediterranean study area. We found that Coal Tits Periparus ater built higher external nest walls than Great Tits Parus major or Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus, after controlling for the first-egg date and clutch size which are assumed to reflect aspects of the quality of the nest builders. Our measures of nest size were not closely associated with the average ambient temperature, but nest walls tended to be shallower when there was more rain. Nest-shape asymmetry, as reflected in the difference in the external height of the nest measured closest to and farthest from the nest-chamber entrance, was observed in all three species, but the average asymmetry was highest in Coal Tits. In asymmetric nests, more nest material was added to the side that was closest to the front wall considered to be the coldest and least protected against harsh weather. Thus, nest size characteristics differ between three ecologically similar species inhabiting the same cavity type in the same coniferous woodland habitat, which would imply that different species do not respond in the same way to the same set of environmental factors.

Nestling food of European hole-nesting passerines: do we know enough to test the adaptive hypotheses on breeding seasons?

63%

Cholewa M., Wesolowski T.

Acta Ornithologica

2011

tom 46

nr 2

Hole-nesting passerines constitute a 'model' group for which importance of synchronisation between food availability — mainly caterpillars — and appearance of nestlings is commonly postulated. Is there an adequate set of data allowing one to prove this relationship? The recent climate change could lead to a mis-match between food peaks and nestlings' appearance. Do the data exist that show that the birds have switched to other food sources? We analyse data on nestling food of eleven European hole-nesting passerines (158 papers). The diet of some species is hardly known (< 100 broods observed), there are large gaps in geographical coverage (70% of data from five countries — Germany, Russia, Slovakia/Czech Republic, Poland and Great Britain) and most of studies do not meet the minimum requirement of representativeness (three seasons, > 20 broods/season), which limits their external validity. The majority of investigations were done decades ago, in different conditions and most probably they cannot be treated as representative for the current situation. There is no study in which the past (before warming) and current nestling diet in the same local population have been compared, so, direct empirical support for the 'mismatch' idea is rather weak. Knowledge of nestling diet and its variation is far from adequate and new, properly designed, studies are needed.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Acta Ornithologica

1 Bernard C.

1 Blondel J.

1 Bodineau G.

1 Cholewa M.

1 Gagliardi G.

1 Haurez J.

1 Lambrechts M. M.

1 Maistre M.

1 Perret P.

1 Pihan P.

1 Wesolowski T.

1 Wilhelm B.

1 Wilhelm J.

1 2016

1 2011

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Coal Tits Periparus ater build larger nests than Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major living in the same Mediterranean coniferous woodland habitat

Nestling food of European hole-nesting passerines: do we know enough to test the adaptive hypotheses on breeding seasons?