The populations of Cicerbita alpina in the Beskid Mały Mts. (Western Carpathians, Poland) are the northernmost, spatially isolated localities of this subalpine tall-herb species in the Carpathians. The genetic structure of these populations was studied using the AFLP method. The analysis also included the populations of the larger, more population-abundant parts of the distribution range to the north (Scandinavia) and to the south (the Tatra Mts., Western Carpathians). The genetic similarity of the Beskid Mały populations with those from the Tatra Mts. and Scandinavia was relatively low and the populations formed geographically distinct genetic groups. The populations from the Beskid Mały Mts. Were characterised by lower genetic variation, as well as the lowest degree of genetic differentiation (nie and Shannon’s coefficients), compared with those from the Tatra Mts. and Scandinavia. Our results indicate a relatively long period of isolation of the Beskid Mały Mts. populations; there is no evidence for recent dispersal or extant gene flow with populations from other regions. The differences among the populations also testify to fixation of genes in isolated areas, probably traced back to the founder individuals.
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